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Chapter - Five: Reliability, Availability and Maintainability

Reliability, availability, and maintainability are important considerations for any system. Reliability is the probability that a system will function properly for a specified period of time. Availability refers to the percentage of time a system is operational. Maintainability is the probability a system can be repaired within a set time. Together, high reliability, availability, and maintainability help control costs over the entire lifecycle of a system from design to maintenance and repair.

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437 views25 pages

Chapter - Five: Reliability, Availability and Maintainability

Reliability, availability, and maintainability are important considerations for any system. Reliability is the probability that a system will function properly for a specified period of time. Availability refers to the percentage of time a system is operational. Maintainability is the probability a system can be repaired within a set time. Together, high reliability, availability, and maintainability help control costs over the entire lifecycle of a system from design to maintenance and repair.

Uploaded by

fekade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter - Five

Reliability ,Availability
and

Maintainability
Maintenance and Reliability
 The objective of maintenance and
reliability is to maintain the capability of
the system while controlling costs
 Maintenance is all activities involved in
keeping a system’s equipment in working
order
 Reliability is the probability that a machine
will function properly for a specified time
What is Reliability?
• Reliability is the probability that a product, service, or
part will perform as intended(without failure) for a

specified period of time under normal conditions.

R(t) = 1- F(t).
• Failure – the termination of the ability of an item to
perform its required function.

• Failures may be sudden (non-predictable) or gradual


(predictable). They may also be partial or complete
16-3
Product Failure Rate (FR)
is the frequency with which an 
engineered system or component fails,
expressed in failures per unit of time

FR(%) = Number of failures x 100%


Number of units tested
Number of failures
FR(N) = Number of unit-hours of operating time

Mean time between failures is a reliability term


used to provide the amount of failures
per million hours for a product. 1
MTBF = FR(N)
Failure Rate Example
20 air conditioning units designed for use in
Garment washing section operated for 1,000 hours
One failed after 200 hours and one after 600 hours
2
FR(%) = 20(100( %) = 10%

2
FR(N) = = .000106 failure/unit hr
20,000 - 1,200

1
MTBF = = 9,434 hrs
.000106
Cont.d

 In the nineteenth and early twentieth-century:

• Designs were less severely constrained by the cost and


schedule of delivery time pressures.

• Components were individually fabricated and there was


no mass production and standardization of parts

• Thus, in many cases, high levels of reliability were


achieved as a result of over-design

16-6
Cont.d
 Nowadays, modern technology has developed capacity to
design and manufacture equipment and systems of greater
capital cost, sophistication, complexity, and capacity.

• The consequences of low availability and high


maintenance cost of such systems led to the desire for:

- high reliability,

- high maintainability, and


- low mean time to support (easily maintainable).

16-7
• observed reliability is empirically defined as the ratio of items
which perform their function for the stated period to the total
number in the sample

• For example, a product with a 90 percent reliability has a 90


percent chance of functioning as intended. Or,

the probability that the product will fail is 1 - .90 = .10, or 10


percent. This also means that 1 out of 10 products will not
function as expected.

16-8
RELIABILITY SYSTEM

16-9
Series system
 The reliability of a product is a direct function of
the reliability of its component parts.

• The probability that a garment will perform as


intended is, therefore, a function of the
reliabilities of its fabric, sewing thread, buttons,
zip and other parts.

16-10
Rs = (R1) (R2) (R3) . . . (Rn)

where Rs = reliability of the product or system.

R1... n = reliability of components 1 through


n

• As the reliability value of a component is most of


the time less than one, the reliability of a system
is lower than that of individual components.

• This is because all the components in a series


must function for the product to work.
16-11
• If only one component doesn’t work, the entire
product doesn’t work.

• The more components a product has, the lower


its reliability.

• For example, a system with five components in


series, each with a reliability of .90, has a
reliability of only (.90)(.90)(.90)(.90)(.90) =
0.59.
16-12
Parallel system

Rs = Reliability of 1st Component + (Reliability of 2nd


Component * Probability of needing 2nd Component)

Where: Probability of needing 2nd Component = probability


of the 1st component failing

16-13
EXAMPLE

16-14
16-15
Sol/n

16-16
Reliability can be increased by:

 Reducing Complexity: The fewer component parts and


the fewer types of material involved, the greater is the
likelihood of a reliable item.

• Modern equipment, so often condemned for its


unreliability, is frequently composed of thousands of
component parts all of which interact within various
tolerances

 Duplication/replication: the use of additional, redundant,


parts 16-17
Cont.d

• But it adds capital cost, weight, Spares, Space, preventive


maintenance and power consumption

 Excess strength: Deliberate design to withstand stresses


higher than are anticipated will reduce failure rates.

• Again this also incurs additional costs

16-18
 Quality and reliability are interrelated:

• A system cannot be reliable if it does not have high


quality. Is it true always? Likewise,

• a system cannot be of high quality if it is not reliable.

 Their goal is the same – to achieve customer satisfaction

• If a system is unreliable, it is unpredictable and if it is


unpredictable, it is not of high quality.

16-19
AVAILABILITY 
Availability tells information about how you use time

A = Uptime/(Uptime + Downtime) .

 Mean Time Between Failures(MTBF) – Applies to repairable items.

 Mean Time To Failure(MTTF) – Applies to non-repairable items. Both of


these terms indicate the average time an item is expected to function
before failure.
 MTTR: Mean Time to Repair is the time needed to repair a failed item

 Availability = MTBF
____________
MTBF + MTTR
16-20
Example
20 air conditioning units designed for use in
Garment washing section operated for 1,000 hours
One failed after 200 hours and one after 600 hours
if the MTTR of the two fail component is 20 hr calculate
the availability of the system
2
FR(%) = 20(100
( %) = 10%

2
FR(N) =
20,000 - 1,200
= .000106 failure/unit hr = 9434 hr
9434hr +20hr
1
MTBF = = 9,434 hrs =0.9978
.000106
MAINTAINABILITY
The probability that a system or system element can be repaired in a
defined environment within a specified period of time. Increased
maintainability implies shorter repair times
Two kinds:
Preventive maintainability
Corrective maintainability

16-22
Reliability and Cost
• There are three separate cost factors related to the
reliability of an item throughout its life –

- Design & Development cost

- Production cost

- Maintenance & Repair cost

16-23
Cont.d

16-24

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