D e fi n i ti o n :

  Ration of failed SDCCH seizures due to busy SDCCH to the total requests of S D C C H .

Formula:

  SDCCH congestion rate = Failed SDCCH seizures due to busy SDCCH/Total requests for
the SDCCH x 1 0 %

Factor o f S D C C H Blocking Rate in G S M

1. Congestion caused by Fault Equipment or

2. Transmision Congestion caused by insufficient
3. Signaling Re so u rc e . Congestion caused by improper
4. Data Configuration.
Congestion caused by Interference

# Congestion caused by Fault E quipment o r T r a n s m i s i o n  

The faults on B T S , B S C , and Abis interface, such as broken LAPD link, cause the SDCCH
congestion.
The alarm "Excesive L o s o f E1/T1 Signals in an Hour" also causes the SDCCH con gestion  

# Congestion caused by insufficient Signaling R e s o u r c e

 The heavy traffic and burst traffic cause the SDCCH congestion. Proper seting of the number
of S D C C H s and TCHs, and the SDCCH dynamic conversion function can relieve the
congestion.

# Congestion caused by Improper Data Co n fig ratio n

The SDCCH congestion relates to the relevant parameters of the BSC such as SDCCH Availability, LAC,
T i m e r Immediate asign ment procedure and timer for update periodic.

# Congestion caused by Interference

Interference on the Um interface also causes congestion. For example, if the main BCCH in the serving
cela nd the TCH in the neighboring c e l share the same TRX frequency and BTS B S I C , the handover
a c e s on this TCH may be mistaken as random a c e s . A s a result, the SDCCH is abnormaly alocated
 and congestion o c u r s . The excesive receive sensibility can also make the interference signal mistaken
as a c e s signal, which leads to congestion.

# Solution o f S D C C H Blocking R a t e
1.  Checking Hardware
2. Checking C h a nels
3. Configuration
4. Checking Data Configuration
Checking the Um Interface

Overview of S D C C H Call D r o p R a t e
Definition:

The SDCCH c a l drop rate indicates the probability o f c a l drops when the MS ocupies the S D C C H .
The SDCCH c a l drop rate is one of acesibility KPIs. This K P I reflects the seizure condition o f
signaling c h a n els. If the value of this K P I is high, user experience is adversely affected.

Formula:
C a l Drop Rate on S DCCH = ( C a l Drops on S D C C H / S u c e sful S DCCH Seizures + S u c e
s f u l SDCCH Seizures in the signaling c h a nel handover) x 1 0 %
 

# F a c t o r that affect S D C C H C a l Drop R a t e

1. Hardware Failure
2. Tran smisi on
3. Version Upgrade
4. ParameterS
5. eting
6. Intra-Network and
Inter-Network
Interference
Coverage An ten
a System and
imbalance betw
en UL/DL and
Repeater
# Hardware Failure

  When a TRX o r a combiner is faulty, seizing the TCH becomes difficult, and thus the SDCCH c a l
 # Transmision
  The SDCCH c a l drop rate increases in any of the folowing conditions: (1) The transmision
quality is p o r on the A or Abis interface due to various reasons. (2) Transmision links are unstable.

# Version U p g r a d e
  After the BTS version or BSC version is upgraded, the BTS version may be incompatible with t h e

BSC version, and the parameters and algorithms in the new version may be changed. In this case, t h e
SDCCH cald rop rate increases.
 
# Parameter S e t i n g
  The setings of some parameters on the BSC and MSC sides may affect the SDCCH cald rop rate.
If the folowing situations o c u r , the SDCCH c a l drop rate may increase:
 
# Intra-Network and Inter-Network Interference
  If inter-network interference and repeater interference exist, or if severe intra-network interference
o c u r s because o f tight frequency reuse, c a l drops may o c u r on S D C C H s due to p o r Q o S . This
affects the SDCCH cald rop rate .

The folowing types of interference may o c u r :

• Inter-network interference from scramblers or privately instaled a n t e n a s

• Interference from the CDMA network
• Repeater interference
• Intermodulation interference from B T S s
• Intra-network c o-c han el and adjacent-chanel interference
# Coverage
The folowing coverage problems may affect the SDCCH c a l drop rate.

• P or indor
coverage
Densely distributed buildings and thick wals cause great atenuation and low i n d o r signal level, which
causes c a l d r o p s .

• Coverage failure

If the signal from an ant ena is blocked or the BCCH TRX is faulty, c a l drops may
ocur.

# Anten a System
  The folowing antena system problems may affect the SDCCH cald rop rate
• If the transmit antenas o f two cels are misconected, the uplink signal level in each c e l is
m u c h lower than the downlink signal level in the cel. Therefore, c a l drops are likely to o c u r at a
place far a w a y from the B T S .

• If a directional c e l has main and diversity a n t e n a s , the BCCH and SDCCH of the c e l may b e
transmited from different anten as. If the two antenas have different pitch angles or azimuths, the
coverage areas of the two antenas are different. In this case, the folowing result may o c u r : An MS c a n
receive the BCCH signals from one an t e n a ; when a c a l is made, the MS c a n o t seize the S D C C H
transmited by the other antena and thus a c a l drop o c u r s .

• If the f e d e r is damaged, if water runs into the feder, or if the f e d e r and the conector are
n o t securely conected, both the transmit power and receiver sensitivity of the antena are reduced.
T h u s , c a l drops probably o c u r .
  # Imbalance betw en U L / D L
 
The difference betwen the uplink signal level and the downlink signal level may be great in t h e
folowing conditions: The transmit power of the BTS is high; the tower mounted amplifier (TMA) or B T S
amplifier does not work properly; the antena and the conector are not securely conected. As a
result, cald rops may o c u r at the edge of the BTS coverage a r e a .

# Repeater
  If a c e l is instaled with a repeater, BTS coverage problems may o c u r in the case that t h e repeater
is faulty or that the uplink and downlink gain is inapropriately set. Therefore, the c a l drop rate
increases.

  If a wide-frequency repeater is used and the gain is set to a great value, strong interference m a y

be caused. As a result, the network quality is adversely affected and the c a l drop rate
 
increases.
# Solution to reduce S D C C H C a l Drop
1. Rate
2.
Checking the Hardware (Alarm)
3.
Checking the transmision
4.
(Alarm)
5.
Checking the BSC and BTS version software
6.
Checking the parameters e t i n g
7.
Checking the Interference (Inter-Intra
Network)
Checking the A n t e n a System,C overage and Balance
UL /D L Checking the Re peate r