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Customs of The Tagalogs

Fray Juan de Plasencia wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in 1589, describing the political, social, economic and cultural practices of Filipinos before Christianization. Tagalog society had three castes - nobles called Maharlika who did not pay taxes; commoners called aliping namamahay who served the dato during harvests; and slaves called aliping saguiguilir who lived with and worked the land of their master. The document also describes Tagalog religious practices like worship of idols Bathala and Tala, as well as priests, witches, burial customs, and beliefs about the afterlife destinations of maca, casanaan, and

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330 views55 pages

Customs of The Tagalogs

Fray Juan de Plasencia wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in 1589, describing the political, social, economic and cultural practices of Filipinos before Christianization. Tagalog society had three castes - nobles called Maharlika who did not pay taxes; commoners called aliping namamahay who served the dato during harvests; and slaves called aliping saguiguilir who lived with and worked the land of their master. The document also describes Tagalog religious practices like worship of idols Bathala and Tala, as well as priests, witches, burial customs, and beliefs about the afterlife destinations of maca, casanaan, and

Uploaded by

Gee Lee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Customs of the Tagalogs

 Union of church and state.

Friars (Spanish priest) – the most


knowledgeable and influential figure in the
pueblo.
Friars reports and letters (primary sources):
1.) Juan de Plasencia – “Relacion 4.) Fr. Pedro Chirino S.J.-“Relacion
de las Costumbres de los de las Islas Filipinas”,(1604).
Tagalogs” (1589) 5.) Fr. Juan Delgado – “Historia
2.) Miguel de Loarca – “Relacion General” (1571).
de las Islas Filipinas” (1582), 6.) Fr. Francisco Colin S.J. – “Labor
describe way of life in the Evangelica” (1667).
Western Visayas area.
7.) Fr. Francisco Ignacio Alcina S.J.
3.) Antonio de Morga – “Sucesos – “Historia natural del sitio,
de las Islas Filipinas”, state of fertilidad y calidad de las Islas e
the Phils. in the latter part of 16th Indios de Bisayas”, (1668)
century.
About the Author
Fray Juan de Plasencia
- real name is Joan de Portocarrero.
- a member of the Franciscan Order who
came together with the first batch of
missionaries to the Philippines in 1578.
- his work titled “Relacion de las
Costumbres de los Tagalogs” ( Customs of
the Tagalogs, 1589) describe the political,
social, economic, and cultural practices of
the Filipinos before they were Christianized.
About the Author
Fray Juan de Plasencia
- also wrote “Doctrina Christiana en
Lengua Española y Tagala” the first printed
book in the Philippines in 1593.
- died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
Datos – the chief.
Barangay – the tribal gathering of less than
30 to 100 houses.
- derived from the Malay balangay, a
boat.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
3 Castes
1.) Nobles = freeborn which called
Maharlika.
- do not pay tax or tribute to the
Dato but accompany him during the
war at their own expense.
- if the Dato buid a house, they helped
him and had to be fed.
- they help to clear up the land for
tillage. The barangay is owned by
common.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
2.) Commoners = are called aliping
namamahay.
- had his own family and house.
- served his master (Dato or not)
during planting and harvest season,
rowed for him.
- they cannot be made slaves (sa
guiguilir) nor be sold.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
3.) Slaves = are called aliping saguiguilir.
- had no property of his own, lived
with the master and cultivate his land.
- if he profited through their
industry a portion of their harvest will be
provided to saguiguilir. For this reason
they are sold rarely.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
Dowries are given by men to the
women’s parents. They enjoy in using it.
If the woman has no mother and father,
she enjoys her dowry. If the wife left the
husband for marrying another, all her
dowry and an equal additional amount
fell to the husband. But if she left him and
did not marry, the dowry must be
returned. When the husband left his wife,
he lost half of the dowry and the other
half should be returned to him.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
In all the villages, there are no temples
for sacrifices and adoration of idols. A
joined worship of the families is called
nagaanitos. Among their many idols
which they especially worshipped is
called Bathala. The morning star is called
Tala.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
They paid reverence to water-lizards
called buaya or crocodiles for fear of
being harm by them.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
Priests of the Devil (Witches)

1.) Catolonon = officiating priest male or


female.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
2.) Mangagauay = witches who deceived
by pretending to heal the sick.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
3.) Manyisalat = a priest who had the
power of applying remedies to lovers
that would abandon and despise their
wives, and prevent them in having
sexual intercourse with the latter.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
4.) mancocolam = whose duty was to
emit fire from himself at night.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
5.) hocloban = without the use of
medicine and simply saluting or raising
the hand, they killed whom they chose.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
6.) Silagan = if they saw anyone clothed in
white, to tear out his liver and eat it,
thus causing his death.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
7.) Magtatangal = his purpose was to
show himself at night to many persons,
without his head or entrails
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
8.) Osuang = equivalent to “sorcerer”,
they say that they have seen him fly and
murdered men and ate their flesh.
Osuang
Osuang
Osuang
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
9.)Mangagayoma = they made charms for
lovers out of herbs, stones, and
wood, which would infuse the heart
with love. Thus did they deceive the
people, although sometimes, through
the intervention of the devil, they
gained their ends.
Mangagayoma
Mangagayoma
Mangagayoma
Mangagayoma
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
10.) Sonat = “preacher”, he predicted the
salvation or condemnation of the
soul.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
11.) Pangatahojan = soothsayer and
predicted the future.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
12.) Bayoguin = a man whose nature
inclined toward that of a woman.
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
The manner of burial is the deceased
is buried beside the house. The chief is
buried beneath a little house. They
mourned for 4 days. The grief was
accompanied by eating and drinking. The
chief was laid in a boat as a coffin. They
place an oar by twos-for example goats,
two deer, two fowls male and female
Other cultural burial
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
The another life of rest is called maca,
a “paradise” or “village of rest”.
maca
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
There was a place of punishment, grief
and affliction called casanaan which was
a “place of anguish”.
casanaan
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
In casanaan all the wicked went to
that place, and there dwelt the demons,
whom they called sitan.
There were also ghosts which they called vibit and phantoms which they
called tigbalaang.

Vibet Tigbalaang
Excerpts from Customs of the Tagalogs
If any woman died in childbirth, she
and the child suffered punishment, they
would hear lamenting. This called
patianac.
Coverage for Midterm exam:
PP. 2 – 59.
Study hard and good luck..Alhamdulillah

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