Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
why it´s necessary to know more
about partial discharges (pd)?

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
For avoiding outages of electri-cal power
supply the measure-ment of pd´s seems to
be neces-sary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
pd´s can be an indicator for „weak points“ into
the electrical insulation !

pd might be caused by
 poor design of the insulation
 failures during manufacturing or assembling
 failures by electrical, thermal, mechanical, …
overstress in operation
 normal ageing or degradation processes

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
the pd- measurement as an important tool for
quality control is used not only in the electrical
power engineering, but more and more in other
application fields of electrical insulation

 low voltage power devices

(motors, transformers, .. )
 electronic devices
 …

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 typical quality defects in MV- GIS

- particle on the insulators

-missing bolts or bad contacts
on conductor- connections
- free potential components
- microvoids into insulators
- ...

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables

protrusions on
conductive sheets

microvoids

cracks
(conductive, insulated)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables

water tree (wt)

wt + electrical tree

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
typical quality defects in power cables

oil- paper cable

connectors

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 basic questions for pd measurement
 how pd´s can be measured ?
 principles
 sensitivity
 kind of failure („weak points“) ?
 identification
dangerousness
 where pd´s (weak points) are
located ?  localization

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 Historical overview

[G.C.Lichtenberg, 1777)]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 Historical overview

detection of
failures on
overhead lines
and power
transformers
(B.Koske 1939)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 measurement principles

q  F ( j )  F (0)


F ( j )  F{i (t )}   i (t )e  jt dt


1:Tp / T2 = 1 µs / 5 µs
2:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 50 ns
3:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 20 ns
apparent charge q
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 first devices

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
narrowband measuring devices

less disturbances
easy handling
no special experiences

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
broadband measuring devices

more information about

the pd- processes

 more suszeptibly to noise, disturbances

 special knowledge is requested

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 first devices

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 measurement principles

[IEC 60270]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 real pd spectra

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Standardized measuring circuit

[IEC 270, 60270]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 How dangerous are pd´s ?
80
kV/mm

Is there any 60

40

correlation 20
50 Hz / 20 °C

between the
100
50 Hz / 20 °C

Verlustfaktor tan
measured 10-1

charge and the 10-2

lifetime ? 10-3
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 % 101

moisture of paper w
Qkrit = ?
 more informations about the pd- processes
were necessary !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

[Izeki, Tatsuta, 1984]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

typical PRPP

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 digital measurement techniques

model
sensors
1

analysis,
2 recognition action
data diagnosis
acquisition
cbm,
service,
risk
assess-
n database ment

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 statistical parameters of pd´s

[see also Gulski, 1991]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 digital measurement techniques

statistical data of typical pd-

sources stored in a database
 diagnostic (expert) system

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement
typical pd- reference -data -base
of available pd- systems

measured pd - pattern

product- specifical- pd- data

must be obtained !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

high measuring sensitivity

high susceptibility to noise, disturbances, …

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Sources of electromagnetic disturbances
1 net connection
2, 11 power supply
3 hv- transformer
4 low pass filter
5 hv leads
6 coupling cap.
7 free potential obj.
8 stochastic disturb.
9 periodic disturb.
10 ground

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 suppression of disturbances

radio/HF- suppression impuls- suppression

amplifyer electronic integrator processing

reflection- suppression

[Lemke, 1981]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
suppression of disturbances
screening of the testroom

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 suppression of disturbances

noise signals, caused by SFC-

generator, located in the same testroom

new methods for suppression of disturbances

are requested Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
localization of the pd- producing „weak points“ ?

 classical method (reflectrometry)

 non electrical (classical) methods
(acoustical, optical, …)
 ultra- high- frequency method (UHF)
(electromagnetic field , combined with
acoustic measurement)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
(classical) principle of reflectrometry

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
methods of failure localization
in cable- joints -1
1
2 3
Richtkoppler Richtkoppler

A B C D

Signal an Kopplerausgang
Impulsherkunft / -Nr. A B C D
Muffe / 1 – X X –
Kabel links / 2 X – X –
Kabel rechts / 3 – X – X

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 methods of failure localization
in cable- joints -2

1
2 Rogowskispule Rogowskispule 3

+ –
3‘ 1‘ Muffe 1‘ 2‘

1‘‘

2‘
 3‘

1 2 3 Originalimpulse 2‘‘ =0 3‘‘ =0

Signal- Display
Impulse nach Durchlaufen summierer
1‘ 2‘ 3‘ der Rogowskispulen

1‘‘ 2‘‘ 3‘‘ Impulse nach Durchlaufen

des Signal-Summierers

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
methods of failure localization
(classical acoustic method)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 future trends
 measuring sensitivity vs noise, disturbances
(digital procedures, neuronal networks)

 interpretation of pd- parameter

(identifying, correlation to the lifetime)

 localization of defects on site testing

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 spectral analyzing of pd

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 spectral analyzing of pd

pd source
zero span

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 digital de- noising

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 digital de- noising

[Kranz, 1996]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
multichannel pd measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
multichannel pd measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 dangerousness of pd

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 dangerousness of pd

for better understanding the

physical processes of damaging or
deterioration of insulation more/
other informations about the pd-
processes seem to be necessary
- Δupd
- Δwpd
-…

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new parameters of pd- processes

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new parameters of pd- processes

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
new methods of failure localization
(combined UHF - acoustic method)
acoustic measurement will be triggered by
UHF- signal

[Markalous, 2006]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 summary

 pd measurements are up to now an essen-

tial tool for quality testing of electrical insulation

and diagnostic purposes

 progress in digital techniques makes it possible

getting more informations about pd`s at
increased sensitivity
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 summary

 basic investigations of insulation materials for

finding a correlation between pd- parameters
and lifetime
 increasing measuring sensitivity for diagnostic
measurements even under on- site conditions
(new methods of filtering, neuronal networks, ..)
 using combined techniques for improved
localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering
University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik
 Thank you

Questions ?

& Answers !

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller Electrical Power & Environmental Engineering

University of West Bohemia Pilsen/ Czech Republik