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Slide Five

There are three classes of drug incompatibility: physical, chemical, and therapeutic. Physical incompatibility involves changes in properties like color, odor, taste, viscosity, or morphology due to insolubility, precipitation, or other interactions between substances. Chemical incompatibility causes immediate changes upon compounding like oxidation, hydrolysis, or color changes. Therapeutic incompatibility modifies a drug's therapeutic effect when administered with another drug or excipient and can occur due to overdose, wrong dosage form, contraindicated drugs, or drug interactions. Common examples of each type of incompatibility are provided.

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58 views14 pages

Slide Five

There are three classes of drug incompatibility: physical, chemical, and therapeutic. Physical incompatibility involves changes in properties like color, odor, taste, viscosity, or morphology due to insolubility, precipitation, or other interactions between substances. Chemical incompatibility causes immediate changes upon compounding like oxidation, hydrolysis, or color changes. Therapeutic incompatibility modifies a drug's therapeutic effect when administered with another drug or excipient and can occur due to overdose, wrong dosage form, contraindicated drugs, or drug interactions. Common examples of each type of incompatibility are provided.

Uploaded by

Fitsum Demissie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 1

Introduction
“It is defined as when two or more
ingredients of a prescription are
mixed together , the undesired
changes that may takes place in the
physical, chemical or therapeutic
properties of the medicament is
termed as incompatibility.”

04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 2


Classification of Incompatibility
3 classes of drug incompatibility

Physical incompatibility

Chemical incompatibility

Therapeutic incompatibility

04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 3


Physical Incompatibility/
Pharmaceutical
ItIncompatibility
is a evidence that failure of the drug combine
properly.

In physical incompatibility involves interaction


between two or more substance which leads to change
in colour, odour, taste, viscosity & morphology.

It is a result of insolubility & immiscibility,


precipitation, liquefaction, adsorption & complexation
of solid materials.Prepared by Fitsum Demissie
04/24/2021 4
Physical incompatibilities can be
corrected by one or more methods viz.
Order of mixing

Alteration of solvents

Changes in the form of ingredients

Alteration of volume

Accurate choice of emulgent & suspending


agent

Addition
04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 5
Examples of physical
incompatibilities
Immiscibility
Immiscibility is the result ofthe mixture of two or more
immiscible liquids or an immiscible solids with liquid.
e.g. oil & water
Rectifying method…
- Vigorous shaking

- Choice of emulgent or Solubilizing agents..

04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 6


Examples of physical
incompatibilities
Insolubility
Changes in pH, milling, surfactant, chemical reaction,
co-solvent are the factors that affect the solubility.
e.g. –if mucilage of acacia & alcohol are put together
they form precipitation of acacia by the alcohol. For
that reason acacia not be used with alcohol for
mucilage preparation.
- In the suspension contains diffusible solids in that
type of the suspension uses the thickening agents. If
thickening agents are not used then particles settle
quickly & dose cannot be maintained.
04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 7
Chemical Incompatibility
Chemical incompatibility is also called as immediate
incompatibility.

After compounding it shows immediate incompatibility.

It occurs due to oxidation-reduction, acid base hydrolysis


or combination reactions & those noticed by
effervescence, decomposition, colour change.

Chemical interaction occurs between the ingredients & a


toxic & inactive product will be formed.
04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 8
Examples of Chemical
Incompatibility
Formation of precipitate
- Most alkaloid salts are soluble in water but alkaloidal
bases practically insoluble in water & are freely soluble in
organic solvents.
e.g. strychnine HCl
aromatic spirit of ammonia
purified water to 100ml
- In that case, strychnine HCl is an alkaloid salt & aromatic
spirit of ammonia is an alkaline substance.
- Those, two insoluble mixture combine with each
other that time forms the precipitate of strychnine.
04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 9
- In this case, strychnine HCl solution should be dissolved
in half quty. of water & aromatic spirit of ammonia
dissolved in the remaining quty. of water.

- Then mix both the mixture slowly.

Gas formation
- e.g. carbonates or bicarbonates with an acid or acidic drug
resulting in the evolution of carbon dioxide.

- So those compounds compounded in open container to


avoid explosion.
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Colour Changes
- Colour changes due to changes in pH.
- It can be prevented by properly buffering the vehicle.

Ionic Reaction
- Many organic compounds associated with a large cation or
anions.

- Interaction of such ions of opposing types may yield


compound which may totally lack the useful properties of the
interacting molecules.

e.g. – cream prepared using cationic emulgentmay crack


if mixed with a cream
04/24/2021 Preparedprepared using an anionic
by Fitsum Demissie 11
Therapeutic Incompatibility
Therapeutic incompatibility is also called as drug
interactions.

In that modification of the therapeutic effect of


one drug by the prior concomitant
administration of another.

It occurs due to when drug or excipients, which


are antagonist to one another & are prescribed
together.
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Also therapeutic incompatibility occurs due to
following reasons viz…
Overdose
Wrong dosage form
Contraindicated drug
Drug interaction

- Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside. It is a phytosteroid and


is similar in structure and effects to digoxin(though the
effects are longer-lasting). Unlike digoxin(which is
eliminated from the body via the kidneys), it is
eliminated via the liver, so could be used in patients with
poor or erratic kidney
04/24/2021 function.
Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 13
Contraindicating Drugs
- Some drugs are not prescribed for lactating mother
because it will excrete into milk.
- E.g. Phenytoin, Phenobarbitone, Chloramphenicol
etc.

Drug Interaction
- e.g. tetracycline is inactivated by the milk due to the
presence of calcium.
- It forms insoluble complex with milk and not show
any effect on systemic circulation.

04/24/2021 Prepared by Fitsum Demissie 14

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