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Environmental Pollution and Control

This document discusses air pollution and its sources. It defines air as being primarily composed of nitrogen, oxygen and trace amounts of other gases. Air pollution is defined as harmful substances in the atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include both natural sources like forest fires and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-caused sources like vehicle emissions and industrial facilities. Primary pollutants are emitted directly, while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react with other substances to create things like smog and acid rain. The major sources of urban air pollution come from burning fossil fuels for transportation and stationary energy/industrial needs. Mobile sources include on-road vehicles and non-road equipment, while point sources are identifiable facility emissions

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96 views22 pages

Environmental Pollution and Control

This document discusses air pollution and its sources. It defines air as being primarily composed of nitrogen, oxygen and trace amounts of other gases. Air pollution is defined as harmful substances in the atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include both natural sources like forest fires and volcanic eruptions, as well as human-caused sources like vehicle emissions and industrial facilities. Primary pollutants are emitted directly, while secondary pollutants form when primary pollutants react with other substances to create things like smog and acid rain. The major sources of urban air pollution come from burning fossil fuels for transportation and stationary energy/industrial needs. Mobile sources include on-road vehicles and non-road equipment, while point sources are identifiable facility emissions

Uploaded by

Nazrul Izdham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DCC6232

ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
AND CONTROL
CHAPTER 3: AIR POLLUTION

NIZAM BIN MAT ALI


3.1 Understand the scope and perspective of air
pollution

 3.1.2 State the composition of air in atmosphere


 3.1.1 Define the air pollution.
 3.1.3 Describe the perspectives of air pollution
What is Air?
Air is defined as the tasteless, odorless, and invisible
mixture of gases that surrounds the earth.
 78% Nitrogen

 21% Oxygen

 0.03% Carbon Dioxide

 <1% Argon (inert)

 Water Vapor
What is Air Pollution?
The presence of any
substances in the atmosphere
in quantities which are or may
be harmful or injurious to
human health, animal or plant
life, or property or
unreasonably interfere with the
enjoyment of life or property.
Air Pollution
 Gaseous or particulate substances released into the atmosphere
in sufficient quantities or concentrations to cause injury to
plants, animals, or humans.

 Typically emitted into the atmosphere and transported from the


source to the affected organism.

 Air is said to be “Polluted” when it is no longer tasteless,


odorless, colorless
Major Sources of Air Pollution

Residential fuel combustion,


farming operations,
construction, road dust, wind-
blown dust,

Sources of all air pollutants


measured in California*
(Hydrocarbons, Carbon Monoxide,
Oxides of Nitrogen, Oxides of
Sulfur and Particulate Matter)

Source: California Department of Consumer Affairs,


Bureau of Automotive Repair
• Air pollutants have sources that are both
NATURAL and HUMAN. 
• Now, humans contribute substantially more to
the air pollution problem.
• Natural Air Pollution
• Man-Made Air Pollution
A-Natural Air Pollution
 Forest fires, ash, particulates, carbon dioxide
 Volcanic eruptions, - ash, acid mist, hydrogen sulfide
 Wind erosion,
 Pollen dispersal,
 Evaporation of organic compounds, and
 Natural radioactivity.

 Gut bacteria- methane gas


Why Natural Air Pollution is OK
 Natural air pollution poses little threat to the health
of people and ecosystems:

1. Levels of contaminants are typically very low


2. Large distance between sources of natural pollution
and large human population
3. Major sources are episodic and temporary
B-Man Made Air Pollution
 Also known as antropogenic air pollution
 Can be divided into 2 physical forms: - gases and
particles
 However, pollutants exists in all 3 phases of matter
because particles include solid and liquid substances.
 When dispersed in atmosphere, solid and liquid
particles form aerosols.
 Aerosols defined as “any solid or liquid particles
suspended in the air”
C-Primary and Secondary Pollutants

 Primary- put directly into air


from polluting source.

 Secondary- when primary


pollutants combines with other
substances in air and creates
something more hazardous (acid
rain, smog)
 Control of secondary pollutants is
generally more problematic than
that of primary pollutants, because
mitigation of secondary pollutants
requires the identification of the
precursor compounds and their
sources as well as an
understanding of the specific
chemical reactions that result in
the formation of the secondary
pollutants.
D.Sources:

Mobile or Stationary

Most urban area pollution


source is burning fossil
fuels.
E.Mobile Sources

Mobile Sources
 On-road includes any moving source of air pollution such as cars, trucks,
motorcycles, and buses
 Non-road sources include pollutants emitted by combustion engines on farm
and construction equipment, locomotives, commercial marine vessels,
recreational watercraft, airplanes, snow mobiles, agricultural equipment, and
lawn and garden equipment
F-Air Pollution Sources
Point Sources – Generally a major facility emitting
pollutants from identifiable sources (pipe or smoke stack).
Facilities are typically permitted.
G.Area Sources
Area – Any low-level source of air pollution released over
a diffuse area (not a point) such as consumer products, architectural
coatings, waste treatment facilities, animal feeding operations,
construction, open burning, residential wood burning, swimming
pools, and char broilers
Thank you

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