COMMUNICAT

ION PROCESS
AND ITS
COMPONENTS
GEED 10063 PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
CHAPTER I
OBJECTIVES
AT THE END OF THIS CHAPTER, THE STUDENTS WILL BE
ABLE TO:

 Describe the nature, elements, and functions of

verbal and non-verbal communication in its
various and multicultural contexts

 Illustrate the process of Communication

 Click on each
lesson to direct you
CHAPTER OUTLINE to its topics.

 Lesson 1- The Communication Process

and its Components
 Lesson 2- Levels of Communication

 Lesson 3- Functions of Communication

 Lesson 4- Principles of Communication

 Lesson 5- Communication Ethics

THE
COMMUNICATION
PROCESS AND ITS
COMPONENTS
LESSON 1
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
THE
COMMUNIC
ATION
PROCESS
AND ITS
COMPONEN
TS
LESSON 1
THE
COMMUNIC
ATION
PROCESS
AND ITS
COMPONEN
TS
LESSON 1
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdbL7jJb3JE

WHAT IS
COMMUNICATION?
THE COMMUNICATION
LESSON 1 PROCESS AND
ITS COMPONENTS
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

We define COMMUNICATION as the

process of sharing meaning in any context.
In addition, Wood (2003), in her book
“Communication in our Lives”, defined
communication as systematic process in
which people interact with and through
symbols to create and interpret meanings.
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

TWO TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nhg1_6NdDfo

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

VERBAL VS. NON-VERBAL

COMMUNICATION
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication is the use of language to
transfer information through speaking or sign
language. It is one of the most common types, often
used during presentations, video conferences and
phone calls, meetings and one-on-one conversations.
Verbal communication is important because it is
efficient. Verbal communication could be in two
forms: ORAL and WRITTEN.

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

TWO FORMS OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

ORAL COMMUNICATION

Oral Communication is the process of

conveying or receiving messages with the use of
spoken words. Oral communication can either
be in the form of direct conversation between
two or more persons like face to face
communication, lectures, meetings, seminars,
group discussion, conferences, etc. or indirect
conversation, i.e. the form of communication in
which a medium is used for interchange
of information like telephonic conversation,
video call, voice call, etc.
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
The communication in which the
message is transmitted in written or
printed form is known as Written
Communication. It is the most
reliable mode of communication, and
it is highly preferred in the business
world because of its formal and
sophisticated nature. 
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

O
R
A
L https://www.facebook.com/

https://edition.cnn.com/

https://www.facebook.com/Light-FM-Mariveles/
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

W
R
I
T
T
E
https://www.facebook.com/TheMarkerPublication /
N
https://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Balangay/

https://cfmslibrary.librarika.com/search/
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Non-verbal communication, on the other hand, does not

involve the use of words. It is the use of body language,
gestures and facial expressions to convey information to
others. It can be used both intentionally and
unintentionally. For example, you might smile
unintentionally when you hear a pleasing or enjoyable
idea or piece of information. Nonverbal communication
is helpful when trying to understand others’ thoughts and
feelings.

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION

BODY MOVEMENTS

POSTURE

EYE CONTACT

PARALANGUAGE

PROXEMICS

PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Without a doubt, the most common—and telling—
nonverbal means of communication is through facial
BODY MOVEMENTS
expressions. Human faces are able to make more than
10,000 different expressions, and each one articulates
POSTURE volumes of information with ease. Smiling, frowning,
blinking, and every teenager’s favorite, eye-rolling, are
EYE CONTACT the strongest and most relatable expressions, but even the
smallest eyebrow twitch or nostril flare can be read with
PARALANGUAGE minimal effort. The most surefire way to establish a
connection with a stranger, client, or even long-time
PROXEMICS acquaintance: Smile! A smile is welcoming, warm, and
establishes you as a person who people want to spend
PHYSIOLOGICAL time with.
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

FACIAL EXPRESSION

https://www.kingsnews.org/articles/facial-expressions-part-1
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Body movements, or kinesics, include common
BODY MOVEMENTS
practices like hand gestures or nodding. Very often, body
movements convey enthusiasm or excitement. For
POSTURE instance, we all know someone who “talks with his
hands.” However, other aspects of kinesics include
EYE CONTACT actions that we commonly perceive with nervousness or
anxiety like involuntary tremors, frequent clearing of the
PARALANGUAGE throat, or a shaking leg. During meetings, it’s best to keep
your hands on a table or in a gentle clasp. You want to
PROXEMICS avoid “drumming” on your thigh or repeatedly touching
your face, as these are often distracting.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

BODY MOVEMENTS

https://studymasscommunication.com/category/communication/
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Posture is critical in making a strong impression. How
BODY MOVEMENTS you stand or sit is one of the important elements in how you
are perceived by others. Someone who stands with their back
straight and head held high exudes confidence, assurance,
POSTURE and strength, while, conversely, someone who is slouched or
facing the floor demonstrates uncertainty, indifference, or
EYE CONTACT even weakness. To express friendliness and positivity,
maintain an open posture. Stand with your legs hip-distance
PARALANGUAGE apart and keep your torso exposed as opposed to covered
with your crossed arms. Keep your head raised and relax
your facial expression. A closed posture, especially crossed
PROXEMICS arms across the chest, gives the impression of boredom or
hostility.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

POSTURE

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/165225880054336672/
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Perhaps the best way to build rapport with a stranger
BODY MOVEMENTS
is by maintaining eye contact. Eyes can indicate interest,
attention, and involvement, while failing to make eye
POSTURE contact may be interpreted as disinterested, inattentive, or
rude. However, this doesn’t mean you have to stare
EYE CONTACT directly into the face of another person—quite the
opposite, in fact. There is nothing more aggressive than
PARALANGUAGE staring intensely into someone’s eyes. Experts suggest
that healthy eye contact consists of looking semi-
PROXEMICS randomly at the area around the eyes, which includes the
eyelids and eyebrows.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

EYE CONTACT

http://conveyingprofessionalism.blogspot.com/2015/
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Any parent with small children is familiar with the phrase
“don’t use that tone of voice with me.” This is a perfect example
BODY MOVEMENTS of how paralanguage—the aspects of the voice that differ from
the words—affects the message. The most obvious example is
POSTURE sarcasm, in which the tone of what’s being said conveys the
opposite of the message. Odds are that someone who drawls
EYE CONTACT “Grreeeattt” in a laconic tone is less than thrilled at what’s being
presented. Less obvious paralanguage includes the speed,
volume, and pitch of speaking. For example, a presentation
PARALANGUAGE mumbled too quickly suggests that the salesman is, at best,
nervous, or, at worst, being disingenuous. Be conscious of how
quickly you talk, and be sure to speak clearly and loud enough to
PROXEMICS
be heard. But be sure to take care not to be too loud, as this
comes off as belligerent and off-putting.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

PARALANGUAGE

https://www.slideserve.com/redell/paralanguage
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
Thanks largely to Seinfeld, the notion of a
“close talker” has become part of our
BODY MOVEMENTS
consciousness. People are very protective of their
POSTURE
personal space, particularly the area that Mehrabian
calls the “intimate space” (i.e., 6 to 18 inches). This
EYE CONTACT is a zone generally reserved for family, close
friends, or romantic partners. When engaging in
PARALANGUAGE business conversation, you always want to be far
enough that the other person is comfortable, but
PROXEMICS
you do not want to be too far, suggesting that you
are distancing yourself or uninterested in the
PHYSIOLOGICAL conversation.
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

PROXEMICS

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-businesscommunication/chapter/11-2-ty
pes-of-nonverbal-communication/
 7 ASPECTS OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
FACIAL EXPRESSION
With nonverbal communication closely related
BODY MOVEMENTS to emotion, the physiological reactions are often the
most associated with anxiety and discomfort.
POSTURE Sweating, blushing (or flushing), and teary eyes are
all dead giveaways that someone is ill-at-ease.
EYE CONTACT When you recognize that an associate, you’re
speaking to has a case of the nerves, it’s important
PARALANGUAGE that you make them feel comfortable. Also,
everyone’s been guilty of a clammy handshake at
PROXEMICS one time or another.
PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

EXAMPLES OF NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

PHYSIOLOGICAL
CHANGES

https://www.google.com/search?
q=PHYSIOLOGICAL+CHANGES+IN+NON+VERBAL+COMMUNICATION
 ELEMENTS OF
COMMUNICATION

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z1BIeje_ko

COMMUNICATION CYCLE

LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS
 Click on each
element to learn
about it.

MESSAGE

ENCODES
DECODES THE
NOISE COMMUNICATI
ON PROCESS
AND ITS
CHANNEL
COMPONENTS

SENDER NOISE
RECEIVER
LESSON 1

FEEDBAC
K
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

CONTEXT
 Context is the setting where communication occurs.

 Thiscould be physical, social, historical,

psychological, and cultural.

ELEMENTS OF
CONTEXT
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT
 PHYSICAL CONTEXT
 It refers to where the communication takes place, including factors
such as temperature, lighting, and noise level.

 SOCIAL CONTEXT
 It is the relationship that exists between and among participants of
communication.
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT
 HISTORICAL CONTEXT
 It is the background provided by the previous communication that
affects the understanding of the current encounter.

 PYSCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT
 It includes the moods and feelings each person brings to the
communication.
 LESSON 1
THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS COMPONENTS

ELEMENTS OF CONTEXT
 CULTURAL CONTEXT
 It includes beliefs, values, and norms that are shared by a large group
of people.

Click to go back to
CHAPTER OUTLINE
LEVELS OF
COMMUNIC Lesson 2
ATION

Click to proceed to
Lesson 2
  INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

LEVELS OF Forms of Interpersonal Communication

COMMUNIC
ATION  Dyadic Communication
Lesson 2
 Small Group Communication
 Public Communication
 Mass Communication
LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2

INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION

It occurs within oneself. This is

sometimes referred to as “cognitive or
personal communication, or self-talk”.
Activities such as thought-processing
and decision-making are intrapersonal
communication. We engage tn
intrapersonal communication to better
understand ourselves and to ultimately
enhance our self-esteem.
LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2

INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION
Click to proceed to
It refers to communication between Forms of
two or more people. It has four Interpersonal
forms: Dyadic, Small Group, Communication
Public, and Mass Communication.

1. =
 LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2

Forms of Interpersonal
Communication

DYADIC COMMUNICATION

It refers to communication that

occurs between two persons who
establish a communicative
relationship.

1. =
 LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2

Forms of Interpersonal
Communication
SMALL GROUP
COMMUNICATION

It refers to communication 3 to 12
members. In this form of
communication, there is equal
chance for every participant to
express his insights and feelings.
No one dominates the entire
communication.

1. =
 LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2

Forms of Interpersonal
Communication

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

In public communication,
there is a speaker directly sending a
message to a big group of
audience. In here, there is a
specific group of audience who act
as the receiver of the message.

1. =
 LEVELS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 2
Forms of Interpersonal
Communication

MASS COMMUNICATION

It is a form of communication
which utilizes different media in
communication. This can make
communication possible among
large group of people across
different places.

Click to go back to 1. =
CHAPTER OUTLINE
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 3

Proceed to
Lesson 3
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
WE COMMUNICATE TO MEET N
NEEDS

Just as we need food, water, and shelter,

communication accomplish out need to talk
to another human being. In addition, we are
social beings so we need other people all the Lesson 3
more to communicate with them. “A species
survival depends critically upon its ability to
communicate effectively, and the quality of
its social life is determined in large measure
by how and what it can communicate.”
(Krauss, 2002 cited in Lucas, 2017)
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N
WE COMMUNICATE TO
ENHANCE OR MAINTAIN OR
SENSE OF SELF

Because we communicate, we learn

who are and what we can do. This is Lesson 3
because there are still things that we
don’t observe in ourselves and we need
other people to let us know about it so
that we may be able to improve
ourselves.
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

WE COMMUNICATE TO FULFILL
OUR SOCIAL OBLIGATIONS
Lesson 3
We greet people, talk, and
communicate with them in order to meet
our social obligation.
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

WE COMMUNICATE TO
DEVELOP RELATIONSHIPS

Through communication, we Lesson 3

develop relationships with other
people. We can also deepen and
maintain these relationships through
communication.
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

WE COMMUNICATE TO
EXCHANGE INFORMATION

Some information can be gained Lesson 3

through reading, observations, media, and
through communicating with others.
 FUNCTIONS OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

WE COMMUNICATE TO
INFLUENCE OTHERS
Lesson 3
We use communication in
encouraging and persuading others
towards something like motivating a
friend to study for an exam.

Click to go back to
CHAPTER OUTLINE
PRINCINPLES
OF
COMMUNICAT
ION
Lesson 4

Click to proceed
to Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION IS PURPOSIVE

The purpose of communication may

be trivial or significant but one way of
evaluating if th communication is
successful is if it has accomplished its
purpose. However, different purposes
require different strategies.

Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION IS CONTINUOUS

Communication happens non stop,

even silence communicates something.
Even non verbal behavior represents
reactions to your environment, and to he
people around you (Verdeber, 1999).
Therefore, it is imperative that we become
aware and conscious of the non verbal
behavior we constantly send.

Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION MESSAGES
VARY IN CONSCIOUS ENCODING

Communication may occur

spontaneously (without much thought), it
could also be based on a “learned script” or
it could be constructed based on the
understanding of a solution.

Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION IS RELATIONAL

In any communication setting, people

not only share meanings but also negotiate
and enhance their relationships.
Communication plays a role in developing,
maintaining, and dissolving relationship.

Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION HAS ETHICAL

IMPLICATIONS

When we communicate, we cannot

avoid making chices with ethical
implications. In communicating, we must
recognize some ethical standards.

Lesson 4
 PRINCINPLES OF
COMMUNICATIO
N

COMMUNICATION IS LEARNED

Communicating well is a skill,

therefore, it can be learned. Simply talking
is not communicating. It involves listening,
processing thoughts, and opinions, and
then speaking. This could be acquired
through practice.

Lesson 4

CHAPTER
OUTLINE
COMMUNICATI
ON ETHICS

Lesson 5

Click to
proceed to
Lesson 5
 WHAT IS
COMMUNICA
TION
ETHICS?
COMMUNICATION
Lesson 5
ETHICS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wBBBLLCBXpk

Lesson 5
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
 ETHICS are values that have
been instilled in us. We have
knowingly or unknowingly accepted
them and govern our actions. Our
ethical values system is our basis for
our decision-making and our basis for
communication ethics.

Lesson 5
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
 In all communication situations, there are
ETHICAL CONSIDERTIONS.
These relate to considerations of what is fair
and unfair, right and wrong; it means
communicating in a way that conforms to
moral standards.

Lesson 5
COMMUNICATION ETHICS
 COMMUNICATION ETHICS
Lesson 5

Ethical Communicators or speakers according to Berko (1995)

should:

1. Speaks with sincerity;

2. Does not knowingly expose an audience to falsehood of half-
truths that can cause significant harm;
3. Does not premeditatedly alter the truth;
4. Presents the truth as he or she understands it;
5. Raises the listeners level of expertise by supplying the
necessary facts;
6. Employs message that is free from mental, as well as physical
coercion;
7. Does not invent or fabricate information;
8. Gives credit to the souce of information.
  Agustin, Racquel, et.al. Communication in Multicultural
Contexts: Meanings and Purposes. Panday-Lahi
Publishing, Inc. 2018

 Wakat, Geraldine S. et.al., Purposive Communication.

Lorimar Publishing, Inc.,2018

 www.healthknowledge.org.ul/publichealth

REFEREN  http://promeng.edu/downicads/training-material

CES  Chase, R. & Shamo S. (2013) Elements of Effective

Communication, 4th ed. Washington, Utah: Plain and
Precious Publishing.

 Video “What is Communication?”

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdbL7jJb3JE

 Video “Verbal and Nonverbal Communication

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nhg1_6NdDfo

 Video “Communication
Cyclehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z1BIeje_ko
 END OF
CHAPTER
1

Prepared by:

Ms. MARY LYKA ROTAIRO, LPT

Faculty Member