DIFFERENT TYPES OF TENSES

GROUP MEMBERS
• Amna Hashim
• Sahal Sajid
• Syeda Azka Ali
• Umair Abbas
• Usama Awais
• Manzoor ul Hassan
• Dawood Imran
 CONTENT
• Introduction.
• Present, Past and Future Tense.
• Conversion from Active to Passive voice.
• Direct and Indirect tenses.
 INTRODUCTION
• A tense is a deictic category which relates the time
of event/state represented by the clause to the
time of utterance. i.e.: the speech moment, “now”.
• A tense is a change of form taken by verb to show
the time of an action.
• Tense is derived from a Latin word “Tempus”
which means time.
• All languages allow speakers and listeners to locate
situation(event, process, state) in time.
 PRESENT TENSE
• The present tense is used to describe things
that are happening right now, or things that
are continuous.
• Present Tense is of four types:
1. Simple Present Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense
3. Present Perfect Tense
4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense
 PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE
• Present Indefinite Tense represents an action which is regular or normal or
true and uses the base form of the verb.
• FORMATION: Subject + base form of verb
• RULE: add “s” to third person singular
• EXAMPLES: I write articles on different topics.
• He reads various kinds of books.
• They love to play football.
• She prefers coffee to tea.
• He goes to the library every day.
• We come for shopping in this market.
• You always shop in that market.
• He loves to travel around the world.
• They always play cricket in that field.
 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The present continuous tense is used for actions
happening now or for an action that is unfinished.
This tense is also used when the action is temporary.
• FORMATION: Subject + am/is/are + present
participle (and “-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLE:She is crying.
• He is talking to his friend.
• The baby is sleeping in his crib.
• We are visiting the museum in the afternoon.
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
• The present perfect is used to indicate a link between the
present and the past. The time of the action is before now but
not specified, and we are often more interested in
the result than in the action itself.
• FORMATION: Subject + has/had + past participle of verb
• EXAMPLES:
• I have lived in Bristol since 1984 (= and I still do.)
• We have visited Portugal several times.
• She has been to the cinema twice this week
• We have visited Portugal several times.
• My mom has been a clerk her entire professional career.
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
• The present perfect progressive tense expresses actions that
began in the past and continue to the present and actions that
have recently stopped.
• FORMATION: Subject + has/had + been + present participle
(and “-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLES: The baby has been crying for hours.
• I have been waiting for you.
• He has been teaching in this school for 5 years.
• He has been studying this book for 3 months.
• They have been making the noise for the past 1 hour.
 PAST TENSE
• The past tense is a verb tense that is used to talk
about things that happened or existed before
now. 
• There are 4 types of past tense:
1. Past simple:I worked.
2. Past continuous:I was working.
3. Past perfect:I had worked.
4. Past perfect continuous:I had been working.
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
• The simple past tense is used for actions that
started and ended at a specific point in time. It is
formed by adding “-ed” to the infinitive form of
the verb.
• FORMATION: you simply add “-ed” to the end of
a verb to form the past tense.
• EXAMPLES:  
• I mailed the letter yesterday.
• You asked me to finish the chores.
 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The past progressive tense expresses events that
lasted for a duration of time in the past.
• FORMATION: Subject + was/were + present
participle (and “-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLES: I was working when he called.
• I was making dinner when she arrived.
• At 6 o'clock, I was eating dinner.
• She was talking constantly in class in those days.
 PAST PERFECT TENSE
• The past perfect tense most often expresses actions in the past
that finished before another action (also in the past) started.
• FORMATION: Subject + had + past participle of verb.
• EXAMPLES:
• She stayed up all night because she had received bad news.
• They lost many of the games because they had not
practiced enough.
• Anthony had met Ryan before you introduced him to us at the
party.
• You had studied Italian before you moved to Rome.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOS TENSE
• The past perfect progressive tense most often expresses
actions in the past that were in progress before other
actions.
• FORMATION: Subject + had been + present participle (and
“-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLES: The car had been running for ten minutes
before we left.
• We could not play outside because it had been raining.
• She said it had been raining.
• If the sun had been shining, we could have played outside.
 FUTURE TENSE
• The future tense of verbs expresses events or
actions that have not yet happened and that
will happen at some point in the future.
• There are 4 types of future tense:
1.  future indefinite tense.
2. future perfect tense.
3. future continuous tense.
4. future perfect continuous tense.
 FUTURE INDEFINITE TENSE
• The simple future tense expresses actions that
will occur.
• FORMATION: Subject + will + base form of
verb
• EXAMPLES:
• I’ll prepare dinner.
• Why won’t you tell her the truth?
• It will rain tomorrow.
 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The future progressive expresses actions that will
be ongoing (actions that the subject will be in
progress doing) at some point in the future.
• FORMATION: Subject + will be + present participle
(and “-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLES: He will be feeling good tomorrow.
• He will be coming here.
• She will be singing a song for the audience.
• Students will be learning new lessons next year.
 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
• The future perfect tense expresses actions that will
be finished at some point in the future or those
that will be finished before another future event.
• FORMATION: Subject + will have + past participle
of verb
• EXAMPLES: By the time you arrive, we will have
eaten dinner.
• They will have lived in their new home for two
years this fall.
 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
• The future perfect progressive tense expresses ongoing
actions that will be completed at some specified time in the
future.
• FORMATION: Subject + will have been + present participle
(and “-ing” to end of the verb)
• EXAMPLES: In June, I will have been working as a professor
for 15 years.
• You will have been driving for ten hours by the time we
arrive.
MAIN DIFFERENCE
 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE
• An action of an object, in relation to the subject, is expressed in two
ways. These two ways of expressing action of a subject are known as
voices.
• Example:-
I write a letter. (Active voice)
A letter is written by me. (Passive voice)

• There are two basic rules for converting sentences from Active into
Passive voice, which are common to all tenses.
1. The places of subject and object will be interchanged.
2. Only 3rd form of the verb or past participle will be used as a main
verb in Passive voice.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH