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Logarithmic Amplifier Presentation

An op-amp based logarithmic amplifier circuit produces an output voltage proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage. The circuit diagram shows an op-amp with its non-inverting input grounded and input voltage applied to the inverting input through a resistor. Kirchhoff's laws and diode equations are used to derive an expression showing the output voltage is equal to negative thermal voltage times the natural logarithm of the ratio of input voltage to saturation current, making it proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage. The output is 180 degrees out of phase with the input.

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AMAN AHMAD
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392 views9 pages

Logarithmic Amplifier Presentation

An op-amp based logarithmic amplifier circuit produces an output voltage proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage. The circuit diagram shows an op-amp with its non-inverting input grounded and input voltage applied to the inverting input through a resistor. Kirchhoff's laws and diode equations are used to derive an expression showing the output voltage is equal to negative thermal voltage times the natural logarithm of the ratio of input voltage to saturation current, making it proportional to the logarithm of the input voltage. The output is 180 degrees out of phase with the input.

Uploaded by

AMAN AHMAD
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER

• A logarithmic amplifier, or a log amplifier, is an electronic circuit


that produces an output that is proportional to the logarithm of the
applied input.
• An op-amp based logarithmic amplifier produces a voltage at the
output, which is proportional to the logarithm of the voltage applied to
the resistor connected to its inverting terminal. 
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

• The circuit diagram of an op-amp based logarithmic amplifier is shown in the


following figure −

• In the above circuit, the non-inverting input terminal of the op-amp is connected to
ground. That means zero volts is applied at the non-inverting input terminal of the
op-amp.
• According to the virtual short concept, the voltage at the inverting
input terminal of an op-amp will be equal to the voltage at its non-
inverting input terminal. So, the voltage at the inverting input terminal
will be zero volts.
• The nodal equation at the inverting input terminal’s node is −
• 0−ViR1+If=00−ViR1+If=0
• =>If=ViR1......Equation1
• The following is the equation for current flowing through a diode, when it
is in forward bias −
• If=Ise(VfnVT)......Equation2If=Ise(VfnVT)......Equation2
• where,
• IsIs is the saturation current of the diode,
• VfVf is the voltage drop across diode, when it is in forward bias,
• VTVT is the diode’s thermal equivalent voltage.
• The KVL equation around the feedback loop of the op amp will be −
• 0−Vf−V0=00−Vf−V0=0
• =>Vf=−V0=>Vf=−V0
• Substituting the value of VfVf in Equation 2, we get −
• If=Ise(−V0nVT)......Equation3If=Ise(−V0nVT)......Equation3
• Observe that the left hand side terms of both equation 1 and equation 3 are same. Hence, equate
the right hand side term of those two equations as shown below −
• ViR1=Ise(−V0nVT)ViR1=Ise(−V0nVT)
• ViR1Is=e(−V0nVT)
• Applying natural logarithm on both sides, we get −
• In(ViR1Is)=−V0nVTIn(ViR1Is)=−V0nVT
• V0=−nVTIn(ViR1Is)V0=−nVTIn(ViR1Is)
• Note that in the above equation, the parameters n, VTVT and IsIs are constants.
So, the output voltage V0V0 will be proportional to the natural logarithm of the
input voltage ViVi for a fixed value of resistance R1R1
CONCLUSION

• The op-amp based logarithmic amplifier circuit discussed above will


produce an output, which is proportional to the natural logarithm of the
input voltage VTVT, when R1Is=1VR1Is=1V.
• Observe that the output voltage V0V0 has a negative sign, which
indicates that there exists a 1800 phase difference between the input
and the output.
SAMREEN ALAM
19DEL054
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

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