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Fluidic MEMS and Micro Channels

This document discusses microfluidics, which involves manipulating small amounts of fluids using microscale channels. It describes key fluidic concepts like laminar flow and Reynolds number that are important at the microscale. Methods for fluid movement in microchannels include pressure differences, electrokinetic effects, and surface tension. The document outlines important design considerations for microfluidic channels and valves, such as material properties and reliability. Finally, it lists some applications of microfluidics like DNA analysis, cell manipulation, and PCR amplification.

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Anitha Kumari Sivathanu
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27 views11 pages

Fluidic MEMS and Micro Channels

This document discusses microfluidics, which involves manipulating small amounts of fluids using microscale channels. It describes key fluidic concepts like laminar flow and Reynolds number that are important at the microscale. Methods for fluid movement in microchannels include pressure differences, electrokinetic effects, and surface tension. The document outlines important design considerations for microfluidic channels and valves, such as material properties and reliability. Finally, it lists some applications of microfluidics like DNA analysis, cell manipulation, and PCR amplification.

Uploaded by

Anitha Kumari Sivathanu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fluidic MEMS and Micro

Channels
What is Microfluidics?
It is the science and technology of systems that process or manipulate small (10–9 to 10–
18 litres) amounts of fluids, using channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of
micrometres

<-Microfluidics in nature: Lung alveoli


Behavior of liquids in the micro domain differs greatly from macroscopic fluids.
-Surface tension.
-Laminar flow.
-Fast thermal relaxation
-Diffusion.
Microfluidic systems are used to handle and interact with biological and chemical
particles and substances, including cells and polymers
BASIC FLUID MECHANICS CONCEPTS
The basic function of a microfluid system is the transportation and handling of fluids.
The Reynolds Number and Viscosity

velocity (V)
length scale (L),
dynamic viscosity(μ),
The Reynolds number is often used to predict the transition between laminar and turbulent
flow cases. If the Re of a fluid flow is below a threshold value, the fluid is described as
laminar flow, the fluid flow can be described by layers that do not interfere with each other. If
the Re of a fluid flow is greater than a threshold value, the fluid enters the turbulent flow
regime. In microfluid systems, because of the generally small scale encountered, the Re is
typically very small. It is safe to say that most microfluid systems are dominated by laminar
flow behavior.
Methods for Fluid Movement in Channels

• Pressure difference.

• The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effect.

• The electrohydrodynamic effect.

• Surface tension driven flow.

• Electroosmotic effect (EO)


DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF SELECTIVE COMPONENTS

A microfluid chip is made of many categories of components.We discuss two most important ones in
this section, namely channels and valves.

Channels
Microfluid channels are the most important components in a microfluid system.There are several important
aspects that must be taken into consideration when selecting channel materials and subsequent fabrication
methods.These include:
1. Hydrophobicity of the channel wall.
2. Biocompatibility and chemical compatibility.
3. Permeability of channel material to air and liquid.
4. Retention of chemicals on walls.
5. Optical transparency.
6. Temperature of the processing.
7. Functional complexity and development cost.
Materials for channels

• Organic polymers: Parylene, polydimethylsiloxane, acrylics, polycarbonate,


biodegradable polymer, polyimide

• Inorganic materials: glass (Pyrex, specialty glasses), silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon
nitride, polysilicon.
Valves
Valves are important elements in a microfluid system.They provide complex system-level functionalities to a
laboratory-on-a-chip system. The following factors are generally considered when selecting or developing a
micromachined valve:

• The reliability of valve operation. Ideally, a valve should be leak free during off state and open during on state.

• The repeatability of valve operation.

• The ability to withstand large pressure.

• The simplicity of valve construction.

• The simplicity of valve operation and control.

• Biocompatibility with the fluid and biological particles.


Valves
Valves can be classified according to the mode of operations into several categories:

• Cyclic valves can be operated multiple times.

• One-time valves are operated only once during the life of operation.

Since the valve is critical for the performance of a microfluid system and for enabling miniaturization, many
valve designs have been developed in the past. Generally, valve structures fall into the following categories:

• Hard-membrane valves

• Soft-membrane valves

• Plug valves

• Threshold valves
Applications of microfluidics
● capillary electrophoresis
● isoelectric focusing
● flow cytometry
● PCR amplification
● DNA analysis
● separation and manipulation of cells

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