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Safe Systems of Work

Legislation requires providing safe systems of work. A safe system examines all aspects of a task to identify hazards and define safe methods. It should be documented, communicated to employees, and monitored. For complex or high risk tasks, a job safety analysis breaks the task into steps, identifies risks at each step, and prescribes precautions to develop a safe system of work. Instructions ensure employees understand and follow the safe system.

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140 views19 pages

Safe Systems of Work

Legislation requires providing safe systems of work. A safe system examines all aspects of a task to identify hazards and define safe methods. It should be documented, communicated to employees, and monitored. For complex or high risk tasks, a job safety analysis breaks the task into steps, identifies risks at each step, and prescribes precautions to develop a safe system of work. Instructions ensure employees understand and follow the safe system.

Uploaded by

egy pure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Safe Systems of Work

Legislation

• HSWA Section 2 (2) (a): Provide and maintain plant and


systems of work that are, so far as is reasonably
practicable, safe and without risks to health
Components of a Safe System

• Combines materials, people, plant,


equipment, task and environment
• Must have a logical well-thought out
approach
• Should fully identify and document all the
hazards, safety precautions and safe
working practices associated with all
activities performed by employees
Definition

• A formal procedure which results from systematic


examination of a task in order to identify all the hazards. It
defines safe methods to ensure that hazards are
eliminated or risks minimised
When is a Safe System Required?

• Many hazards are clearly recognisable and can be


overcome by physically separating people from them
e.g. by using guarding on machinery
• A SSoW is needed when hazards cannot be physically
eliminated and some element of risk remains.
• Remember non-routine work as well as normal
operations
Designing a Safe System of Work

• 5 Steps:
– Assess the task
– Identify the hazards
– Define safe methods
– Implement the system
– Monitor the system
Assessing the Task
• Assess all aspects of the task and its risks.
• Consider health hazards as well as safety
• Take account of:
– What is used
– Who does what
– Where the task is carried out
– How the task is done
Identify the Hazards

• Spot the hazards and


evaluate the risks
• Where possible, eliminate
hazards and reduce the
risks before you rely upon
a safe system of work
Define Safe Methods

• Define orally, by simple written procedures or by permits


to work
• Involve the people who will be doing the work - their
practical knowledge of problems can help avoid unusual
risks and prevent false assumptions being made
Implement the System

• Safe system of work must be communicated


properly, understood by employees and applied
correctly
• Ensure supervisors know they should implement
and maintain the system of work
• Ensure adequate training is carried out for
employees and supervisors
• Stress the need to avoid short cuts - part of the
system should be to stop work when faced with an
unexpected problem until a safe solution can be
found
Monitoring the System

• Periodically checking that:


– Employees continue to find the system workable
– Procedures laid down are being carried out and are
effective
– Any changes in circumstances which require
alterations to the system of work are taken into
account
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or Task Analysis

• A method for formulating a Safe System of Work


• Follow the SREDIM principle:
– Select the job to be analysed
– Record the steps in the process
– Examine the component parts of the job
– Develop control measures
– Install the safe system
– Maintain and monitor the safe system
Job Safety Analysis Example - Changing a Wheel on a Car

Job Step Risks Identified Precautions Advised

1. Car safe Unstable situation Level ground


Unsafe position Warning signals

2. Fix jack Difficult to access Care? Gloves?


Injury to hands

3. Get spare wheel Weight Get help


In or under boot

4. Loosen wheel nuts Injury to hands Long spanner


Strength required Gloves

5. Jack up Car Is it stable? Brake wheels


Hand injury Scotch wheels
Job Safety Reviews

• Framework for an effective review can be provided by


the existing Job Safety Analysis
• Review is more effective if employees are included in the
review team - safety reps are ideal
• If all new employees can be taught safe methods of work
at the outset, it is less likely they will develop bad habits
with the passage of time
Job Safety Instructions

• It is pointless to devise safe methods unless they are


made known to employees
• Clear and unambiguous job instructions are essential
• Job Safety Instructions should:
– Give an unambiguous description of the way each
step of the job is to be done
– Stress the do’s and don’ts at each step, i.e. key
points, and in particular the key safety points
Job Safety Instructions

• Instructions are useless unless they are complied with.


Preparing them is not difficult; the real problem is
enforcing them
• One way to ensure that rules and instructions are
obeyed is to invite those who have to comply with them
to participate in their preparation
• If instructions are ignored in practice and there is no
ready means of enforcing them, they should be changed
or withdrawn
Job Safety Instructions

• A rule which is not observed will tend to foster the


attitude that it is unnecessary to obey any rules and their
value is impaired
• The issue of rules and instructions does not dispense
with the need for supervision, which is the only effective
method of seeing they are obeyed
• It is not enough to merely issue instructions; steps must
be taken to ensure they are understood
Relationship between Job Safety Analysis, Job Safety
Instructions and Job Safety Review

Job Safety Job Safety Job Safety


Awareness Instructions Review

Safe Working
Method
Summary

• SSoW are required by law


• Some risks are clear and can be overcome
• Look at every job - think about what is used, who
does what, where and how it is done
• Tell employees how the job must be done
• When a job is complex or risks are high, put
instructions in writing
• Make sure system is supervised

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