Methods of Research Calderon Gonzales
Uploaded by
ZudotaMethods of Research Calderon Gonzales
Uploaded by
ZudotaMETHODS OF
RESEARCH
AN INTRODUCTION
OUTLINE
Meaning of Research
Purposes of Research
Characteristics of Good Research
Kinds and Classifications of Research
The Scientific Method of Research
The Research Problem
Title, Statement of the Problem & Hypothesis
Brief Activity…
Arrange the steps of scientific method of research :
Research design
Implications & conclusions
Hypothesis
Library research
Collect data
Problem identification
Analyze data
Recommendation
Meanings of Research
Careful, critical, disciplined inquiry, varying
techniques and method…
A systematic search for pertinent information on a
specific topic/problem.
Purposes of Research
Good life
Deeper understanding
Improve judgment & decision-making
Satisfy curiosity
Promote health & prolong life
Characteristics of
GOOD RESEARCH
1. Systematic
2. controlled
3. Empirical
4. Analytical
5. Objective, unbiased & logical
6. Original work
7. Done by an expert
8. Accurate investigation, observation & description
9. Patient & unhurried
10. Effort-making capacity
11. Requires courage
Kinds & Classification
A. ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
Predictive or prognostic
Directive
Illuminative
Kinds & Classification
B. ACCORDING TO GOAL
Basicor pure research
Applied
Kinds & Classification
C. ACCORDING TO THE
LEVELS OF INVESTIGATION
Exploratory
Descriptive
Experimental
D. ACCORDING TO THE TYPE
OF ANALYSIS
Analytic
Holistic
Kinds & Classification
E. ACCORDING TO SCOPE
Action research
F. ACCORDING TO CHOICE
OF ANSWERS TO
PROBLEMS
Evaluation
Developmental
Kinds & Classification
G. ACCORDING
TOSTATISTICAL CONTENT
Quantitative
Non- quantitative
H. ACCORDING
TOTIME ELEMENT
Historical
Descriptive
Experimental
Hindrances to Scientific Inquiry
Illogical reasoning mystification
Tradition
Authority “to err is human”
Inaccurate observation dogmatism
Overgeneralization
Selective observation
Made-up information
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
Elements:
Why conduct the study?
What is to be studied?
Where to be conducted?
When is the study to be carreid out?
Who will participate the study?
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Chosen
Interest
Specialization
Competence
Financial Capacity
Researchable& Manageable
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Researchable & Manageable
Data access,
criteria-laden,
answers sub-problems,
hypothesis is testable,
valid & reliable tools,
time-bound,
significant/relevant to present situations,
Practicality and implement ability of results
Original, critical and reflective thinking in solving
Has delimitations
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Time-bounded
Significant/relevant to present situations,
Practicality and implement ability of results
Original, critical and reflective thinking in solving
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Has contributions: national, local, human knowledge,
solutions to problems
Do not advocate the antisocial values (drug addiction,
cruelty, hatred, multiple sex mating, etc.)
Return of investment: monetary, promotion, skills in the
profession, prestige & reputation
I. RESEARCH PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Considers hazards involved, either physical, social or legal
TITLE DEVELOPMENT
CHARACTERISTICS:
Formulated ahead of the conduct research.
Contain the subject matter , the locale, population, and
period of the study.
Indicates what is expected to be found inside the thesis
report.
Brief & concise.
Written in inverted pyramid, all words are capitalized
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
Formulated ahead of the conduct research
Interrogative format
Clear & unequivocal
Researchable
Answers are interpreted independently
Each question contributes to the development of the
whole research topic
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
GUIDELINES:
NOTE
Before writing the specific questions, determine first the
different aspects of research problem to be studied and for
each aspect make one specific question (sub- questions if
necessary).
Start with general statement of the problem and
subquestions afterwards.
HYPOTHESIS
Tentative conclusion to a specific question; an
educated guess for a specific question
2 FORMS
Operational
Null Form
FUNCTIONS
Designing the study
Determine assumptions
Determining the relevance of the study
Bases for explanation of the gathered data
Aid in consolidating findings and formulating conclusions
Activity
1. Academic stress and self-regulation strategies
among senior college students
2. Stress Management and academic performance
of PolSci Students
Group Activity
Develop a concept paper for
a possible research undertaking and formulate the
following:
A. TITLE
B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
a. General
b. Specific Questions
C. Hypothesis
a. operational
b. Null form