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Measures of Central Tendency (Finals)

This document discusses different measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It provides examples and explanations of how to calculate each. The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value when values are arranged from lowest to highest. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. It also discusses weighted means which account for values having different levels of importance. Frequency distributions organize raw data into categories and associated frequencies. The mean can be calculated using the frequencies in a distribution rather than the raw values.

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Edesa Jarabejo
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234 views18 pages

Measures of Central Tendency (Finals)

This document discusses different measures of central tendency including the mean, median, and mode. It provides examples and explanations of how to calculate each. The mean is the sum of all values divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value when values are arranged from lowest to highest. The mode is the most frequently occurring value. It also discusses weighted means which account for values having different levels of importance. Frequency distributions organize raw data into categories and associated frequencies. The mean can be calculated using the frequencies in a distribution rather than the raw values.

Uploaded by

Edesa Jarabejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEASURES OF

CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
 One of the most basic statistical concepts involves finding
measures of central tendency of a set of numerical data.

 It is often helpful to find numerical values that locate, in


some sense, the center of a set of data.

 The Mean, Median and Mode are the most commonly used
measure of central tendency.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
 The mean of n numbers is the sum of the numbers divided by n.
MEAN  (Mean) = , the summation of x divided by n.

Example 1: FIND A MEAN Solution:

Six friends in a biology class  The six friend are a sample population of 20
of 20 students received test students. Use to represent the mean.
grades of 92, 84, 65, 76, 88
and 90. Find the mean of the = =
test scores. Therefore, the mean of the test scores is 82.
5.
ANSWER!!

Check Your Progress 1

  A doctor ordered 4 separate blood tests to measure a patients’ total


blood cholesterol levels. The test results were 245, 235, 220 and 210.
Find the mean of the cholesterol levels.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
The median of a ranked list of n numbers is:
MEDIAN   The middle number if n is odd.
 The mean of the two middle number if n is even.

Example 2: FIND A MEDIAN

Find the median of the data in the following lists.


1. 4, 8, 1,14, 9, 21, 12
2. 46, 23, 92, 89, 77, 108
Solution:

1. There are 7 numbers in the list 4, 8, 1,14, 9, 21, 12. The median of a list with an
odd number of entries is found by ranking the numbers from smallest to largest
and finding the middle number.
1, 4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 21
The middle number is 9. Thus, 9 is the median.

 2. There are six numbers in the list 46, 23, 92, 89, 77, 108. The median of a list with
an even number of entries is found by ranking the numbers from smallest to largest
and computing the mean of the two middle number.
 
23, 46, 77, 89, 92, 108

The two middle numbers are 77 and 89. The mean of 77 and 89 is 83 = ).
Thus, 83 is the median.
ANSWER!!

Check Your Progress 2

Find the median of the data in the following lists.


14, 27, 3, 82, 64, 34, 8, 51
21.3, 37.4, 11.6, 82.5, 17.2
 
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
The mode of the list of a number is the number that occurs
MODE  most frequently.

Example 3: FIND A MODE

Find the mode of the data in the following lists.


1. 18, 15, 21, 16, 15, 14, 15, 21
2. 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 4, 7, 23

Solution:

1. In the list 18, 15, 21, 16, 15, 14, 15, 21, the number 15 occurs more often
than the other numbers. Thus, 15 is the mode.
2. Each number in the list 2, 5, 8, 9, 11, 4, 7, 23 occurs only once. Because
no number occurs more often than the others, there is no mode.
ANSWER!!

Check Your Progress 3

Find the mode of the data in the following lists.


3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, ,4, 5, 5, 5, 8
12, 34, 12, 71, 48, 93, 71
 
MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
WEIGHTED MEAN

 A value called the weighted mean is often used when some data values
are more important than the others.
The weighted mean of the n numbers x1, x2, x3, … , xn with the
respective assigned weights w1, w2, w3, …, wn is
Weighted Mean =
Where is the sum of the products formed by multiplying each number by its
assigned weight, and is the sum of all the weights.
Example 4: FIND A WEIGHTED MEAN

Table 1 shows Dillon’s fall semester course grades. Use the weighted mean formula
to find Dillon’s GPA for the fall semester.
Use the 4-point grading
Table 1. Dillon’s Grade, Fall Semester
system.
Course Course Grade Course Units
A= 4,
English B 4
B=3,
History A 3
C=2,
Chemistry D 3
Algebra C 4 D= 1,
F =0
Solution:
 Weighted mean =

Therefore, Dillon’s GPA for the fall semester is 2.5


ANSWER!!

Check Your Progress 4

Table 1.2 shows Janet’s spring semester course grades. Use the
weighted mean formula to find Janet’s GPA for the spring semester.
Round to the nearest hundreds (ex. 2.345 = 2.35)
Use the 4-point Course Course Grade Course Units
grading system. Biology A 4
A= 4, B=3, C=2, Statistics B 3
D= 1, F =0 Business C 3
Psychology F 2
 
CAD B 2
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
 Frequency distribution - which is a table that lists observed events
and the frequency of occurrence of each observed event, is often
used to organize raw data.
 Raw Data – are data that have not been organized or
manipulated in any manner

Consider the table 2.0, which lists the number of cable


television connections for each of 40 homes in subdivision
Table 2.0. Number of Cable Television Connections per
Household
The frequency distribution in Table 2.1 below was constructed using the data
from Table 2.0. The first column of the frequency distribution consists of the
numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The corresponding frequency of
occurrence, f, of each of the numbers in the first column is listed in the second
column.
Table 2. 1 A frequency Distribution for Table 2.0
The formula for a weighted mean can be used to find the mean of the data in a
frequency distribution. The only change is that the weights w1, w2, w3, . . . ,wn are
replaced with the frequencies f1, f2, f3, . . . , fn.
Example 5: FIND THE MEAN OF DATA DISPLAYED IN A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Find the mean of the data in Table 2.1
ANSWER!!

Check Your Progress 5

Activity 3. Measures of Central


Tendency 

Reference:
“Mathematical Excursions, Second Edition” Richard N. Aufmann, Joanne S.
Lockwood, Richard D. Nation, Daniel K. Clegg
“Mathematis in the Modern World” Outcome Based Education, Rex Book Store
Incorporated 2018
THANK YOU!!
GODBLESS 

PREPARED BY:
MS. EDESA L. JARABEJO

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