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Coal Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting them with oxygen and/or steam at high temperatures. This produces a syngas that can be used as fuel. Gasification breaks down fuels into basic chemical constituents like carbon monoxide and hydrogen, offering advantages over direct combustion like more efficient electricity production and easier carbon capture.

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Sheheryar Mirza
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162 views16 pages

Coal Gasification

Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting them with oxygen and/or steam at high temperatures. This produces a syngas that can be used as fuel. Gasification breaks down fuels into basic chemical constituents like carbon monoxide and hydrogen, offering advantages over direct combustion like more efficient electricity production and easier carbon capture.

Uploaded by

Sheheryar Mirza
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fuels and Combustions

Gasification
 A process that converts 
carbonaceous materials, into carbon
monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the
raw material at high temperatures with
a controlled amount
of oxygen and/or steam.
 The resulting gas mixture is
called synthesis gas  or syngas  and is
itself a fuel.
 Gasification of the combustible matter
in solid fuels has been a traditional
method of producing low-grade fuel
gases for industrial use for over a
century.
Basic Mechanism of
Gasification
 Rather than burning coal directly, gasification breaks
down coal - or virtually any carbon-based feedstock
into its basic chemical constituents.
 In a modern Gasifier, coal is typically exposed to hot
steam and carefully controlled amounts of air or
oxygen under high temperatures and pressures.
 Under these conditions, carbon molecules in coal
break apart, setting into motion chemical reactions
that typically produce a mixture of carbon monoxide,
hydrogen and other gaseous compounds.
Advantages Of Gasification
 The Advantages of gasification of Coal
or any solid fuel may be divided into
following categories
 Environmental Benefits

 Efficiency Benefits
Environmental Benefits
 99 percent of the pollutant-forming impurities
from coal-derived gases can be separated. 
 Sulfur in coal emerges as hydrogen sulfide
and captured by processes used today in the
chemical industry.
 In some methods, the sulfur can be extracted
in a form that can be sold commercially.
Likewise,
 Nitrogen typically exits as ammonia and can
be scrubbed from the coal gas by processes
that produce fertilizers or other ammonia-
based chemicals.
Environmental Benefits
 Coal gasification may offer a further environmental
advantage in addressing concerns over the
atmospheric buildup of greenhouse gases, such as
carbon dioxide.
 If oxygen is used in a coal Gasifier instead of air,
carbon dioxide is emitted as a concentrated gas
stream. In this form, it can be captured more easily
and at lower costs for ultimate disposition in various
sequestration approaches. (By contrast, when coal
burns or is reacted in air, 80 percent of which is
nitrogen, the resulting carbon dioxide is much more
diluted and more costly to separate from the much
larger mass of gases
Efficiency Benefits
 Heat from burning coal is used to boil water, making steam that
drives a steam turbine-generator. Only a third of the energy
value of coal is actually converted into electricity by most
combustion plants, the rest is lost as waste heat.
 A coal gasification power plant, however, typically gets dual
duty from the gases it produces. First, the coal gases, cleaned
of their impurities, are fired in a gas turbine - much like natural
gas - to generate one source of electricity. The hot exhaust of
the gas turbine is then used to generate steam for a more
conventional steam turbine-generator. This dual source of
electric power, called a "combined cycle," converts much more
of coal's inherent energy value into useable electricity. The fuel
efficiency of a coal gasification power plant can be boosted to
50 percent or more.
Power Production By Coal
Gasification
Classification of Gasification
process
 Process Involving Air or oxygen
 Producer Gas and Water Gas
 Complete Gasification Process
 Unconventional gasification Process
 Process Involving Hydrogasification
Producer Gas and Water Gas
 Two basic reactions are involved in
complete gasification of combustible
matter in solid fuels.
 The First is Producer Gas Reaction.
C + O2 CO2
CO2 + C 2CO

 Which is highly Exothermic Reaction.


Water Gas Reaction
 The Second reaction in this category is
water gas reaction.
C + H2O CO + H2
 It is an Endothermic reaction and is
usual to combine this reaction with
Producer gas reaction, in order to
maintain the bed temperature.
Preparation method
 In the manufacture of producer gas, Air is
passed through a bed of Coke.
 In water gas production, Steam is used
instead of air.
 A Plant in which producer gas reaction is
Known as a producer Gas Plant. And the Plant
where only the water gas reaction is carried
out is known as Blue Water Gas Plant.
 it is usual to carry both reactions
alternately. Air and Then steam may be
introduced at both bottom and top of
the fuel bed in order to provide
relatively uniform temperature
distribution.
 The Gas formed by producer and water
gas plants, mainly carbon monoxide
and hydrogen, has higher calorific value
than the coal gas and is used as
industrial fuel and in chemical
Processing.

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