David M. Kroenke and David J.

Auer
Database Processing—11th Edition
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

Chapter One:
Introduction

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 Chapter Objectives
• To understand the nature and characteristics of
databases
• To survey some important and interesting database
applications
• To gain a general understanding of tables and
relationships
• To describe the components of a Microsoft Access
database system and explain the functions they perform
• To describe the components of an enterprise-class
database system and explain the functions they perform
• To define the term database management system
(DBMS) and describe the functions of a DBMS
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 Chapter Objectives
• To define the term database and describe what is
contained within the database
• To define the term metadata and provide examples of
metadata
• To define and understand database design from existing
data
• To define and understand database design as new
systems development
• To define and understand database design in database
redesign
• To understand the history and development of database
processing
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 The Characteristics of Databases
• The purpose of a database is to help people
track things of interest to them.
• Data is stored in tables, which have rows and
columns like a spreadsheet. A database may
have multiple tables, where each table stores
data about a different thing.
• Each row in a table stores data about an
occurrence or instance of the thing of interest.
• A database stores data and relationships.

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 Data in Tables

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 The Key Characteristic of
Databases: Related Tables

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 Naming Conventions in this
Textbook
• Table names are written with all capital
letters:
– STUDENT, CLASS, GRADE
• Column names are written with an initial
capital letter, and compound names are
written with a capital letter on each word:
– Term, Section, ClassNumber, StudentName

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 Databases Create Information
• Data = recorded facts and figures
• Information = knowledge derived from
data
• Databases record data, but they do so in
such a way that we can produce
information from the data.
– The data on STUDENTs, CLASSes, and
GRADEs could produce information about
each student’s GPA.

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 Database Examples

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Components of a Database System

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Components of a Database System
with SQL

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 Applications, the DBMS, and SQL
• Applications are the computer programs
that users work with.
• The Database Management System
(DBMS) creates, processes, and
administers databases.
• Structured Query Language (SQL) is an
internationally recognized standard
database language that is used by all
commercial DBMSs.
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 Database Applications

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 Database Applications—Forms

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 Database Applications—Queries

SELECT LastName, FirstName, EmailAddress

FROM STUDENT
WHERE StudentNumber > 2;

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 Database—Reports

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 The DBMS

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 The Database
• A database is a self-describing collection
of integrated tables.
• The tables are called integrated because
they store data about the relationships
between the rows of data.
• A database is called self-describing
because it stores a description of itself.
• The self-describing data is called
metadata, which is data about data.
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 Typical Metadata Tables

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 Database Contents

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 Personal Database Systems:
Microsoft Access

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 Microsoft Access
• Microsoft Access is a low-end product intended
for individual users and small workgroups.
• Microsoft Access tries to hide much of the
underlying database technology from the user.
• A good strategy for beginners, but not for
database professionals.
• NOTE: Microsoft Access 2007 is discussed in
detail in Appendix A.

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 What Is Microsoft Access?
• Microsoft Access is a DBMS plus an
application generator:
– DBMS creates, processes, and administers Microsoft
Access databases.
– The application generator includes query, form, and
report components.
• The Microsoft Access DBMS engine is called
Jet, which is not sold as a separate product.
• Microsoft Access 2000 and later can be used as
an application generator for the Microsoft SQL
Server DBMS.
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 Enterprise-Class Database
Systems

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 Prominent DBMS Products
• Microsoft Access
• Microsoft SQL Server 2008
– New:
Microsoft SQL Server 2998 Express
• Oracle Corporation Oracle Database 11g
• MySQL 5.1
• IBM DB2

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 DBMS Power vs. Ease of Use

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 Three Types of Database Design

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 Database Design from Existing Data

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 Data Import: One or Two Tables?
This is an important
decision, and based
on a set of rules
known as
normalization (which
is covered in Chapter
Three).

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 Database Design from New
Systems Development

Entity-Relationship data modeling is covered in Chapter Five, and data model

transformations to database designs are covered in Chapter Six.

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 Database Design from Database
Redesign
Database redesign is
covered in Chapter
Eight, after coverage of
SQL in Chapter Seven.

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 What You Need To Learn

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 Knowledge Priorities

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A Brief History of
Database
Processing

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 The Relational Database Model
• The dominant database model is the
relational database model—all current
major DBMS products are based on it.
• It was created by IBM engineer E. F. Codd
in 1970.
• It was based on mathematics called
relational algebra.
• This text examines and explains the
relational database model.
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 David Kroenke and David Auer
Database Processing—11th Edition
Fundamentals, Design, and Implementation

End of Presentation:
Chapter One

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 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

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