CULTURAL EVOLUTION

Prepared by: T. Carlo M. Pastrana

PALAEOLITHIC | NEOLITHIC | METAL AGES

CULTURAL EVOLUTION

It refers to the changes or Scientist study the cultural

development in cultures from evolution of humans by
a simple form to a more analyzing the changes in the
complex form of human latter’s way of life.
culture.
HUMAN CULTURAL EVOLUTION

• “human has no contentment”

• It is very evident in the different stages of
human cultural evolution: Palaeolithic
Period, Neolithic Period, and Age of Metal.
PALAEOLITHIC AGE

• Coined by archaeologist John Lubbock in

1865.
• Derived the from Greek word, palaios, which
means "old"; and, lithos, "stone“
• Palaeolithic Period, which happened 2.5 million
years ago, is also known as "Old Stone Age"
PALAEOLITHIC AGE
• People were nomads and able to use simple tools and
weapons made of unpolished stone
• This was the time when people discovered to use the
fire.
• According to study of Dr. Jesus T. Peralta of NCCA,
there are no leaders that could be said to be above
everybody else and whose commands are obeyed
without question.
NEOLITHIC AGE
• Also comes from John Lubbock and from the
Greek word “neo” which means new and
“lithos” meaning stone or in short, the “New
Stone Age” which was happened for about
10,000 B.C.
• In this period, the Cro Magnon disappeared and
the new people who are considered the modern
man appeared.
NEOLITHIC AGE

• Neolithic Revolution is also called as the First

Agricultural Revolution.
• They learned to create such crafts as pottery and
weaving. They likewise developed boat as
means of transportation and for fishing as well.
NEOLITHIC AGE

• From being nomads during the early stage,

human began to develop a sedentary type of
society of which they built-up villages and
towns.
METAL AGE

• (4000 B.C – 1500 B.C)

• They discovered metals, and they gradually
abandoned stone as the basic element for their
instrument and tools.
METAL AGE

• The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and

iron produced a new historical development
from the cradle civilization of Egypt,
Mesopotamia, Persia including the India, and
China which later spread throughout Asia.
 METAL AGE
• There were three stages distinguished within this Age
due to the different types of metals that were used: The
Copper Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age.
• During this age, agricultural tools were developed with
bronze, such as plows and sickles, military weapons
like swords, spears and shields, as well as household
utensils like jars, bowls and cups.
METAL AGE

• a more developed social, cultural, political, and

economic system were improved. Tribes, empires,
and state were recognized at this point.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Ancient State and Civilization

• One of the earliest states and civilizations was
found in the Fertile Crescent which is known as
the Mesopotamian civilization.
• The word Mesopotamia is a Greek word for
“Land between two rivers” which is often
referred to as the cradle of civilization.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Ancient State and Civilization
• It is in Mesopotamia that the history writing
appeared as early as over 5,000 years ago.
• One of the first writing systems, the
Cuneiform, is one of the most important
civilizations in the history of Mesopotamian
culture.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Ancient State and Civilization
• Every city in Mesopotamia had its own
government, rulers, warriors, patron god, and
functioned like an independent country.
Mesopotamian cities were Ur, Uruk, Kish,
Lagesh. There is a temple at the center of each
city called a ziggurat (a massive, tiered, pyramid-
shaped structure).
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Ancient State and Civilization
• There was also what we called Mesopotamian
warrior-gods (2.400-2.500 B.C.) who govern and
protect the people under its government.
• Military commanders eventually became
monarch creating a new structure of government
called a Dynasty.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Ancient State and Civilization

• The Akkadian Empire lasted about 200 years. In
the year 2350–2150 B.C, Babylonian Empire
overtook Sumerians around 2000 B.C., and they
built capital, the Babylon, on Euphrates River.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Ancient State and Civilization

• Another ancient states and civilizations was the
Egyptian civilization. It emerged more than
5,000 years ago along the River Nile in the north-
east of Africa.
• Egyptians called their king a pharaoh who was
all- powerful.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Modern State and Civilization
• In the European continent, several states and
civilization grew tremendously over centuries. In
England, around 1500s, most of the people lived
in small villages. Henry VII won the War of the
Roses in England, which led into what is known
as the Tudor dynasty, and begun the development
of the English nation-state.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Modern State and Civilization

• In Spain in the year 1492, Spanish monarchs
Ferdinand and Isabella took Spain back from the
Muslim. It became the era of Spain as a global
power.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Modern State and Civilization

• In France, Louis XIV of France created an
absolute monarchy. France became the dominant
power in Europe. When The French Revolution
broke out, it created the modern French nation-
state, which sparked nationalism around Europe.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE
Modern State and Civilization
• In 1914, when various nation-states started to
claim their power and superiority over all the
nations in the world, the World War I begun
until 1918.
• In 1919, Treaty of Versailles ended the World
War I. It divided several multinational empires
that led to the creation of several new nation-
states.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Modern State and Civilization

• In 1939, the World War II started until 1945.
The end of World War II led to the formation of
United Nations in 1945.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

The State of the People: Democratic State

• Democratization is the transition to a more
democratic political regime, including
substantive political changes moving in a
democratic direction.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

The State of the People: Democratic State

• It may be the transition from an authoritarian
regime to a full democracy, a transition from an
authoritarian political system to a semi-
democracy or transition from a semi-
authoritarian political system to a democratic
political system.
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

Democracy is a form of government where the

citizens of the nation have the power to vote. There
are several different types of democracies;
(1) a representative democracy is a system where
citizens choose government representatives
among their citizens,
EARLY CIVILIZATION and RISE of the STATE

(2) direct democracy is when the citizens form a

governing body and vote directly on issues,
(3) constitutional democracy limits the powers of
government through the nation’s constitution.
ASSIGNMENT:

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