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Correlation and Regression

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104 views20 pages

Correlation and Regression

Uploaded by

786panku
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CORRELATION AND

REGRESSION

PANKAJ CHOUDHARY - 07
MANDEEP SINGH - 03
Correlation
 Relative position of one variable
correlates with relative distribution
of another variable
 linear pattern of relationship

between one variable (x) and


another variable (y) – an
association between two variables
Specific Example
Water
Temperature Consumption
For seven (F) (ounces)
random summer 75 16
days, a person
recorded the 83 20
temperature and 85  25
their water
consumption, 85 27
during a three-hour 92 32
period spent
outside.   97 48
99 48
How would you describe the graph?
Measuring the Relationship
Pearson’s Sample
Correlation Coefficient, r

measures the direction and the


strength of the linear association
between two numerical paired
variables.
Correlations:
Positive NegativeC1 vs C2
C1 vs C2
120.0
20.0

80.0
13.3

C2
C2

6.7 40.0

0.0
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0
0.0
0.0 83.3 166.7 250.0
C1
C1

Large values of X Large values of X


associated with large associated with small
values of Y, values of Y
small values of X & vice versa
associated with small e.g. SPEED and
values of Y. ACCURACY
e.g. IQ and SAT
Correlation does not imply
causality
 Two variables might be associated
because they share a common cause.
 For example, SAT scores and College
Grade are highly associated, but
probably not because scoring well on the
SAT causes a student to get high grades
in college.
 Being a good student, etc., would be the
common cause of the SATs and the
grades.
Formula

    = the sum       


n = number of paired
     
items
xi = input variable yi = output variable 
x = x-bar = mean of y = y-bar = mean of
x’s y’s
sx= standard deviation sy= standard
of x’s deviation of y’s
Regression
 Regression

 Specific statistical methods for


finding the “line of best fit” for one
response (dependent) numerical
variable based on one or more
explanatory (independent)
variables.
Regression: 3 Main Purposes

 To describe (or model)

 To predict (or estimate)

 To control (or administer)


Simple Linear Regression

 Statistical method for finding


 the “line of best fit”

 for one response (dependent)


numerical variable

 based on one explanatory


(independent) variable.  
Least Squares Regression
 GOAL -
minimize the
sum of the
square of
the errors of
the data
points.

This minimizes the Mean Square Error



Example

 Plan an outdoor party.

 Estimate number of soft drinks to buy


per person, based on how hot the
weather is.

 Use Temperature/Water data and


regression.
Steps to Reaching a Solution
 Draw a scatterplot of the data.
Steps to Reaching a Solution
 Draw a scatterplot of the data.
 Visually, consider the strength of the
linear relationship.
Steps to Reaching a Solution
 Draw a scatterplot of the data.
 Visually, consider the strength of the
linear relationship.
 If the relationship appears relatively
strong, find the correlation coefficient
as a numerical verification.
Steps to Reaching a Solution
 Draw a scatterplot of the data.
 Visually, consider the strength of the
linear relationship.
 If the relationship appears relatively
strong, find the correlation coefficient
as a numerical verification.
 If the correlation is still relatively
strong, then find the simple linear
regression line.
(CONT.S)
 Learn to Use the for Correlation
and Regression.
 Interpret the Results (in the

Context of the Problem).


 Finding the Solution
Example
Water
Temperature Consumption
(F) (ounces)
75 16
83 20
85  25
85 27
92 32
97 48
99 48
THANKS

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