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Agitator

The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

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Amit Hanat
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185 views

Agitator

The document discusses various types of agitators used for blending, dispersion, and other processes involving liquids. It describes seven basic types of mechanical agitators: paddles, turbines, propellers, helical screws, cones, radial propellers, and high speed discs. The standard configuration for an agitator system is provided, along with details about paddle, turbine, propeller, helical screw, radial propeller, and high speed disc agitators. Vortex formation is also discussed and methods to prevent it.

Uploaded by

Amit Hanat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Agitator

• Blending, dispersion, dissolution, gas absorption,


crystallization etc need agitation of the liquids.
• The factors to be consider are:
1. Type of agitator
2. Circulation pattern
3. Location of agitator in the basic equipment
4. Shape and size of the tank
5. Diameter and width of agitator
6. Method of baffling
7. Power required for agitation
8. Shaft overhang
9. Type of stuffing box or seal, bearings, drive system etc.
Types of agitator
• Mechanical agitator can be divided into seven basic
groups:
1. Paddles
2. Turbines
3. Propellers
4. Helical screw
5. Cones
6. Radial propellers
7. High speed discs
Standard configuration:

1. The agitator is 4 blade flat turbine


type.
2. Impeller diameter is 1/3rd of the
tank.
3. Impeller height from tank bottom is
equal to its diameter
4. Impeller blade width = 1/5th
impeller diameter
5. Impeller blade length =1/4th
impeller length
6. Liquid height = tank diameter
7. Baffle= 4. vertically mounted on
wall
8. Baffle width (7)= 1/10th of tank
diameter
Paddle agitator
• The blades of agitator normally extended close to tank wall.
• They simply pushers and cause the mass rotate in laminar
swirling motion with practically no radial flow along the paddle
blades or any axial flow.
• The circulation is poor and the mixing action is insufficient.
• The speed of rotation is very slow (80 to 150 meter per minute)
• Highly viscous liquids and pastes are agitated by multiple blade
paddles.
• The width of blades is 1/4th to 1/10th of the paddle diameter.
• The most common paddle diameter is 0.8 times the tank
diameter.
a) Anchor
b) Gate
c) Gate with pitch cross arms
d) Anchor with pitched cross arms
e) Combined anchor and gate
Turbine agitator
• These have variety of shapes such as radial, pitched and back shaped.
• They are capable of creating a vigorous mixing action , due to
centrifugal and rotational motion, generated by them.
• The radial bladed turbine gives a higher discharge velocity, but
requires maximum energy.
• The blade angle of a curved blade turbine agitator may vary between
30° & 60°.
• The number of turbine agitators to be used in determined by the
following equation:
• No. of agitators= (maximum liquid height * average sp. Gr.)
tank diameter
Pitched blade
Straight flat blade

Straight blades attached to disc

Curved back sloped


Propeller agitator
• A propeller agitator is shaped with a
tapering blade to minimise the effect of
centrifugal force and produce a maximum
axial flow.
• It is simple and portable.
• The diameter of this agitator is usually
between 15 and 30% of the tank diameter.
• Peripheral speed is generally between 300
and 500 meters per minute.
• Can be directly coupled to a standard
electric motor.
• Most economic
Helical screw agitator
• It is in the shape of a screw.
• It is an effective device for
mixing high viscosity liquids.
• The screw drives the liquid from
the vessel bottom to the top
surface of the liquid.
• Alternatively, screw may be
operated in the reverse direction
to drive the liquid to the bottom
of the vessel.
Radial propeller agitator
• It has blades fixed at the
end of a rotating arm.
• The blades are pitched to
the direction of rotation.
• By varying the height ,
width and particularly the
angle of pitch, turbulence
or shear can be
controlled.
High speed disc agitator
• This has disc with
corrugations.
• The speed of the agitator
provides sufficient centrifugal
force through surface friction
to generate a flow.
• It produces high shear and
help disintegration of low
density fibrous solids.
Vortex
• Vortex is a region in which fluid rotates around
an axis line.
• When fluid starts to form a cavity like
structure, which tends to fluid to centre of
vessel is known as vortex.
• Vortex is major component of turbulent flow.
• Generally vortex formation takes place at very
height speed of agitator.
How to prevent?
• By providing baffles
• By off centring agitator
• By providing side agitator
• By less submerging agitator

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