Probability of Union

of Two Events
 Review
Using the given Venn Diagram,
answer the following:

What is the set of elements of A ?

A = { a, e, f, i, k, m, o}
What is the A ⋃ B ?
A ⋃ B = { a, b, e, f, g, h, i, k, m, o}
What is the P(A ⋃ B) ?
  10
P(A ⋃B) = 15
 
=
 Review
Using the given Venn Diagram,
answer the following:

What is the A ⋂ B ?
A ⋂ B = { e, m, o}

What is the P(A ⋂ B ) ?

 
P(A ⋂ B ) =
 
=
 Review
Using the given Venn Diagram,
answer the following:
What is the B ⋃ C ?
B ⋃ C = { b, c, d, e, g, h, j, k, m, o}
What is the (B ⋂ C ) ?
B ⋂ C = { e, h}

What is the P(B ⋂ C ) ?

 
P(B ⋂ C ) =
Using the given Venn Diagram,
answer the following:
What is the P(A) ?
 
P(A) =

What is the P(B) ?

 
P(B) =

What is the P(A ⋂ B ) ?

 
P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A⋂B)
P(A ⋂ B ) =    
–  
= +
 
=
 Probability of Union of Events
If two events, A and B, are not mutually exclusive, then the
probability that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities
decreased by the probability of both occurring.

In symbols, P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B)- P(A ⋂ B)

or and
 Probability of Union of Events
What is the P(A) ?
 
P(A) =

What is the P(B) ?

 
P(B) =

What is the P(A ⋂ B ) ?

P(A ⋂ B ) = 0
P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B)
0    
P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A⋂B) = +
P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B) =
 
 Probability of Union of Events
If two events, A and B, are mutually exclusive, then the probability
that either A or B occurs is the sum of their probabilities.

In symbols, P(A ⋃ B) = P(A) + P(B)

 Probability of Union of Events
Example 1:
A chip is drawn from an urn containing 4 distinct red chips, 5
distinct blue chips and 6 distinct yellow chips. Find the
probability that a red or blue chip is drawn.

Solution: P(R ⋃ B) = P(R) + P(B)

  4   5

= 15 + 15
  9
= 15
 3
= 5
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 2:
A card is drawn from a standard deck of cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn at random is a face card or an ace.

Solution: P(F ⋃ A) = P(F) + P(A)

  12   4

= 52 + 52
  16
= 52
  4
= 13
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 3:
If two dice are rolled, find the probability of showing a sum of 7
or 10.
FIRST DIE
1 2 3 4 5 6
P(S ⋃ T) = P(S) + P(T)
1 (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1) (5,1) (6,1)
 6 3  
= 36 + 36 S 2 (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2) (6,2)
E
  9 C
= 36 O
N
3 (1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3) (6,3)
D
  1 DI 4 (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4) (6,4)
=4 E
5 (1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5)

6 (1,6) (2,6) (3,6) (4,6) (5,6) (6,6)

 Probability of Union of Events
Example 4:
A chip is drawn from the urn that contains 4 red chips numbered 1
to 4 and 8 blue chips numbered 1to 8 . Find the probability that a
red or an even numbered chip is drawn.

P(R ⋃ E) = P(R) + P(E) – P(R ⋂ E)

Red chips {1, 2, 3, 4}   4 +  6   2

Blue chips {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} = 12 12 – 12

  8
n(R) = 4 = 12
n(E) = 6   2

n(R ⋂ E) = 2
=
3
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 5:
A card is drawn from a standard deck of cards. Find the
probability that the card drawn at random is a heart or a face card.

P(H ⋃ F) = P(H) + P(F) – P(H ⋂ F)

n(H) = 26 13 +  12
    3

n(F) = 12 = 52 52 – 52
  22
n(H ⋂ F) = 3 = 52
  11
=
26
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 6:
If two dice are rolled, find the probability of showing a a double or
a sum of 10.
FIRST DIE
1 2 3 4 5 6
P(D ⋃ E) = P(D) + P(E) – P(D⋂E)
6  3     1
1 (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1) (5,1) (6,1)
= 36 + 36 –
36 S
E
2 (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2) (6,2)
  8 C
= O 3 (1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3) (6,3)
36 N
D
=  2 DI
E
4 (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4) (6,4)

9 5 (1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5) (6,5)

6 (1,6) (2,6) (3,6) (4,6) (5,6) (6,6)

 Probability of Union of Events
Example 7:
The Venn Diagram below shows the hobbies of grade 10 students of
GEOM’s High School
a. How many students are there?
b. How many 138students like
singing?
48 20 57 c. How many68 likes dancing?
d. If a student is randomly chosen, 77
13 what is the probability that
he/she likes singing or dancing ?

  125
S - Singing
D - Dancing 138
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 8:
The probability that Lawrence passes Physics is 0.72 and the probability
that he passes Trigonometry is 0.65. Suppose the probability that he
passes both subjects is 0.54, find the probability of the following:

T P
a. He passes at least one of the
subjects.
0.11 0.54 0.18
b. He fails Trigonometry

c. He passes Trigonometry but fails 0.17

Physics.
T - Trigonometry
P - Physics
 Probability of Union of Events
Example 8:
a. He passes at least one of the subjects.
T P
P (T ⋃ P) = P(T) +P(P) – P(T⋂P)
= 0.65 + 0.72 – 0.54 0.18
= 0.83
b. He fails Trigonometry
0.11 0.54
P(T’) = 1 – P(T)
= 1 – 0.65
= 0.17
c. He passes Trigonometry
0.35 but fails
Physics.
T - Trigonometry
P - Physics
P (pass Trigonometry but not Physics) = P(T) – P(T⋂P)
= 0.65 – 0.54
= 0.11
 Probability of Complement of an Event
The complement of an event is the set of all outcomes that are NOT
in the event. This means that if the probability of an event, A, is
P(A), then the probability that the event would not occur (also
called the complementary event) is 1 – P(A), denoted by P(A’).

In symbols, P(A’) = 1- P(A)

A’
Application
Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive or not mutually
exclusive. Then, find the probability.
1. Mario has 45 red chips, 12 blue chips, and 24 white chips. What is the
probability that Mario randomly selects a red chip or a white chip?
2. Of 240 students, 176 are on the honor roll, 48 are members of the varsity
team, and 36 are in the honor roll and are also members of the varsity
team. What is the probability that a randomly selected student is on the
honor roll or is a member of the varsity team?
3. Carl’s basketball shooting records indicate that for any frame, the
probability that he will score in a two-point shoot is 30%, a three-point
shoot, 45%, and neither, 25%. What is the probability that Carl will score
either in a two-point shoot or in a three-point shoot?
 Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive or not mutually
exclusive. Then, find the probability.
4. A card is drawn from a standard deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that a card drawn
is red or face card.
5. Two dice are rolled. Find the probability that they shows a sum of 7 or both odd numbers.
6. A number is chosen at random from {1,2,3,…, 49, 50}. Find the probability that the
number chosen is
a. divisible by 3 b. divisible by 5 c. divisible by 3 or 5
7. Mr. Cinco will give a surprise quiz on a Monday with a probability 0.45. He will give a
surprise quiz on Friday with a probability 0.35. The probability that he will give surprise quiz
on both days is 0.2. Find the probability that
a. he will give a surprise quiz on a Monday or on a Friday
b. he will give a surprise quiz on Monday but not anymore on Friday.
 Answer Key (Application)
1.
2.
3. or 75% or 0.75
4.
5.
6. a. b. c.
7. a. 0.60 or 60%
b. 0.25 or 25%
References:

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Alg2/Mutually%20Exclusive%20Events.pdf

https://www.slideshare.net/daniholic/mathematics-10-learners-material-unit-3

Rosario, Jose et al Our World of Math 10 (2nd ed.)Vibal Group, Inc.: Phil., 2018
Thank you!!!