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Properties of Axiomatic System

The document defines the independence property of an axiomatic system. An axiom is independent if it is not derivable from the other axioms, and a system is independent if each axiom is independent. Independence is shown by constructing a model where one axiom is false and the others are true. The document provides two examples demonstrating how to construct models to test the independence of axioms.

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Jessa Sarino
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19K views16 pages

Properties of Axiomatic System

The document defines the independence property of an axiomatic system. An axiom is independent if it is not derivable from the other axioms, and a system is independent if each axiom is independent. Independence is shown by constructing a model where one axiom is false and the others are true. The document provides two examples demonstrating how to construct models to test the independence of axioms.

Uploaded by

Jessa Sarino
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROPERTIES OF

AXIOMATIC
SYSTEM
INDEPENDENCE
OBJECTIVE:
Define independence property of axiomatic system.
AXIOMATIC SYSTEM
 An axiomatic system consists of some undefined terms (primitive
terms) and a list of statements, called axioms or postulates,
concerning the undefined terms. One obtains a mathematical theory
by proving new statements, called theorems, using only the axioms
(postulates), logic system, and previous theorems.
PROPERTIES OF AXIOMATIC
SYSTEM
 Consistency
Independence
Completeness
INDEPENDENCE PROPERTY

In an axiomatic system, an axiom is called independent if it is not a


theorem that can be derived from other axioms in the system. A system
is called independent if each of its underlying axioms is independent.
Unlike consistency, independence is not a necessary requirement for a
functioning axiomatic system — though it is usually sought after to
minimize the number of axioms in the system.
TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE

To show that an axiom is independent, you produce


a model in which that axiom is incorrect and the rest
of the axioms are correct.
TEST FOR INDEPENDENCE
Example 1
Undefined Terms: point, line, on

Axiom 1. There exist exactly four points.


Axiom 2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line.
Axiom 3. Each line is on exactly two points.
RECALL: NEGATION (~)
Axiom 1: There exist exactly four points.
Negation: There do not exist four points.
Model of ~A1

Points Lines

A, B A
B
Axiom 2: Two distinct points are on exactly one line.
Negation: There are no two distinct points on the line.

Model of ~A2

Points Lines

A, B, C, D A C
B D
Axiom 3: Each line is on exactly two points.
Negation: There are lines not on exactly two points.

Model of ~A3

Points Lines

A, B, C, D A A B C
B D D D
C
EXAMPLE 2
Undefined Terms: ant, path, has

Axiom 1. Every ant has at least two paths.


Axiom 2. Every path has at least two ants.
Axiom 3. There exists at least one ant.
Axiom 1: Every ant has at least two paths.
Negation: There are ants which has no two paths.

Model for ~A1

Ant Path
A, B AB
Axiom 2: Every path has at least two ants.
Negation: There are paths which has no two ants.

Model for ~A2

The dot is an ant and segments are paths.


Axiom 3: There exists at least one ant.
Negation: There do not exist one ant.

*Consider a model with no ants and no paths. The model


satisfies both Axiom 1 and 2 vacuously. But, since there are
no ants, Axiom 3 is not true.
ACTIVITY:
Consider the following axiom set. Show the independence of
the axioms.

Postulate 1. There are at least two buildings on campus.


Postulate 2. There is exactly one sidewalk between any two
buildings.
Postulate 3. Not all the buildings have the same sidewalk
between them.

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