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Non Experimental Research

Non-experimental research involves collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data without experimental manipulation. It describes relationships between variables but cannot determine cause-and-effect. Common non-experimental methods include surveys, observations, and case studies. Survey research specifically aims to understand populations' attitudes by collecting data through questionnaires from a sample of respondents. While versatile and efficient, surveys have weaknesses like an inability to examine complex relationships or natural behaviors. Ethical practices like informed consent and confidentiality are important.

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709 views13 pages

Non Experimental Research

Non-experimental research involves collecting and analyzing quantitative and qualitative data without experimental manipulation. It describes relationships between variables but cannot determine cause-and-effect. Common non-experimental methods include surveys, observations, and case studies. Survey research specifically aims to understand populations' attitudes by collecting data through questionnaires from a sample of respondents. While versatile and efficient, surveys have weaknesses like an inability to examine complex relationships or natural behaviors. Ethical practices like informed consent and confidentiality are important.

Uploaded by

aena park
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Non-Experimental Research

Non-Experimental Research

 Non-Experimental Research is a way of finding out truths about a subject


by describing the collected data about such subject and determining their
relationships or connections with one another.
 Any treatment or condition is not involved in this type of research. But
there is a measuring of variables here; hence, once you do a non-
experimental research, you deal with both qualitative and quantitative
data.
 Your desire to discover people’s thoughts, views, feelings and attitudes
about a certain societal issue , object, place or event causes you to use
non-experimental research.
Characteristics
 It is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships; by itself, it is able, if
it takes place in conjunction with other experimental and quasi- experimental
research methods.
 It involves various ways of data analysis:
- Primary: Analysis of data collected by the researcher himself
-Secondary: examination of data collected by other people
-Meta-analysis: analysis of data expressed numerically.
 It uses research method that is applicable to both quantitative and qualitative
data
 It collects data through survey, observation,
historical studies, case studies, documentary
analysis, and so on. (Suter 2012; Sarantakosa
2013)
Survey Research

 Survey research is a method of research that aims at knowing what a


big number of people think and feel about some sociological issues.
 The data it collects from these people serving as “representatives or
informants” explain or describe the society’s thoughts, attitudes and
feelings towards environmental issues.
 Although survey research is a very old research technique that
began in the period of the ancient Egyptian rulers, many still
consider this as a very popular means of social inquiry. (Babbie
2013, p. 383)
Purposes of Survey Research
 To obtain information about people’s opinions and feelings
about an issue.
 To identify present condition, needs, or problems of people in a
short span of time.
 To seek answers to social problems.
 To give school officials pointers on curricular offerings,
guidance and counselling services, teacher evaluation, and so on.
Planning a Survey Research

 Explanation of objectives clearly


 Formulation of research questions or hypotheses to predict
relationships of variables
 Determination of the exact kind of data referred to by the
hypotheses or research questions
 Assurance of the population or group of people to which
the findings will be applied to
 Finalization of the sampling method for selecting the
participants
 Identification of the method or instrument in collecting
data: that is, whether it is questionnaire on paper, through
phone, via computer, or face-to-face.
Strengths of Survey Research
Stressing the effectiveness and usefulness of survey research, Schutt (2013) gives
the following pluses of survey research:
1. Versatility
- It can tackle any issue affecting society
2. Efficiency
- It is not costly in terms of money and time, assuming there is excellent
communication or postal system.
3. Generality
- It can get a good representation or sample of a large group of people.
4. Confidentiality
-It is capable of safeguarding the privacy or anonymity of the respondents.
Weak points of survey research appearing in
several books about this type of quasi-
experimental research
 It cannot provide sufficient evidence about the relationships of
variables.
 It cannot examine the significance of some issues affecting people’s
social life.
 It cannot get data reflecting the effects of the interconnectedness of
environmental features on the research study.
 It cannot consider man’s naturalistic tendencies as the basis of
human behavior unless his ways or styles of living are related to his
surroundings.
Weak points of survey research appearing in
several books about this type of quasi-
experimental research
 It cannot promote interpretive and creative thinking unless
its formation of ideas results from scientific thinking.
 It cannot have an effective application to all topics for
research.
 It cannot use a questioning or coding method that can
accurately register differences among the participants’
responses.
Ethical Principles and Rules in Survey Research

1. Respect whatever decision a person has about your research work for his
participation in your study comes solely from his or her own decision-
making powers.
2. Make sure that your study will be instrumental in elevating the living
conditions of people around you or in bringing about world progress.
3. Conduct your research work in a way that the respondents will be safe from
any injury or damage that may arise from their physical and emotional
involvement in the study.
4. Practice honesty and truthfulness in reporting about the results of your
study.
Ethical Principles and Rules in Survey
Research
5. Accept the reality that the nature, kind and extent of
responses to your questions depend solely on the
dispositions of the respondents.
6. Decide properly which information should go public or
secret.
7. Stick to your promise of safeguarding the secrecy of
some information you obtained from the respondents.

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