TỔNG CÔNG TY TƯ VẤN THIẾT KẾ DẦU KHÍ

PVENGINEERING
ENGINEERING FOR VALUE

AN OVERVIEW PRESENTATION
ON PIPING LAYOUT (PART 2)

1
 CONTENTS

1) Major difference between offshore/onshore piping

2) General notes for piping layout
3) Piping on piperacks
4) Piping at battery limit
5) Offsite piping
6) Piping layout for equipment
6.1) General notes for equipment piping layout
6.2) Piping layout for Pumps
6.3) Piping layout for Compressors
6.4) Piping layout for Turbines
6.5) Piping layout for Flare systems
6.6) Piping layout for Air coolers (part 2)
6.7) Piping layout for Heat Exchangers
6.8) Piping layout for Drums/Towers/Columns

2
 CONTENTS

6.9) Piping layout for pig launchers/receivers

6.10) Piping layout for wellhead areas
7) Piping layout for utility systems
7.1) Steam
7.2) Cooling water
7.3) Service water
7.4) Air
7.5) Vents & Drains
7.6) Utility hose station
7.7) Firewater
8) Piping layout for instruments
8.1) General notes for instrument piping
8.2) Piping layout for Control valves

3
 CONTENTS

8.3) Piping layout for Flow instruments

8.4) Level instruments
8.5) Temperature instruments
8.6) Relief valves

4
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

6.6) Piping Layout for air coolers (type of heat exchangers see 6.7)
 Inlet piping to be symmetrical (see sketches).
 Minimize number of bends on inlet side if line is low in pressure,
but still achieve adequate flexibility.
 Length of each branch pipe from header shall be the same to
ensure equal distribution of fluids to tube bundle.
 Inlet connection to tube bundle considered as fixed point but tube
bundle can move in direction of tubes (normally ± 6mm, or 12mm
if fixed at one end), vendor to be informed.
 Force due to thermal expansion of piping at bundle nozzle shall
be less than limits in API 661, coolers nozzles not suitable for
high loading.
 Provide access to headers of coolers.

5
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 Provide suitable supports and anchors. Steel work between units

can be used for supporting.
 Isolation valves best locate at or near nozzles.
 Outlet piping less problem due to lower T and smaller sizes.

6
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical Air cooler

7
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical Air cooler

8
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Photo of Air cooler

9
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

10
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

11
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

12
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

13
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

14
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

15
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 1

16
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 2

17
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 3

18
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 4

19
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 5

20
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Air cooler Piping 6 21

 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

6.7) Piping Layout for heat exchangers (shell & tube and plate
exchangers, slide 25)
 Exchangers shall be supported at or near grade to permit
maximum use of mobile equipment for handling parts and pulling
bundles of exchangers.
 Exchangers and connecting piping shall be arranged to provide
adequate space for removal of channel section (tube head) and
for pulling tube bundles.
 Piping shall not be run over channel section or shell cover areas,
or in the way of built-in or mobile handling facilities.
 Minimize excessive piping strains on the exchanger nozzles
from the actual weight of pipe and fittings and from forces of
thermal expansion.

22
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 The piping shall be arranged in such a way that no temporary

support will be required for removing the channel and tube
bundle
 Piping shall be arranged to permit cooling fluid to remain in all
units on loss of cooling fluid supply.
 Provide easily removable spool pieces to provide adequate
clearances for the operation of tube removal.
 Piping with valves and control valves should run along with
access aisle close to the exchanger.
 Allow for opening of covers and removal of plates for plate
exchangers.
 Instruments to locate at sides of exchangers
 Elbow nozzles can be used in stacked exchangers to save space
 Pipe line connecting the exchanger with adjacent process
equipment can run point to point just above required head room.
23
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 Valve handles should be made accessible from the grade and

from access way. These access way should be used for
arranging manifolds, control valves stations and instruments.
 Symmetrical piping for exchangers operating in parallel.
 Piping can give input to vendor for orientation & location of
nozzles to improve piping arrangement.
 To avoid condensate drainage toward exchanger, the preferred
connection for steam lines is to the top of the header. However,
acceptable for steam connection from the bottom of the header if
steam traps are placed at the low point

24
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Types of heat exchanger 25

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical shell & tube exchanger (straight tube) 26

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical shell & tube exchanger (U tube) 27

 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Process fluid
Heating
outlet (hot)
medium
inlet (hot)

Process
fluid inlet
(cold)

Heating
medium
outlet (cold)

Typical shell & tube exchangers 28

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

1000 to 1200

Typical clearances for shell & tube exchanger 29

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical clearances for shell & tube exchangers 30

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Parallel & series exchangers 31

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

shell & tube exchangers in parallel 32

 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

e at
ade

Shell & tube exchangers in series 33

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Stacked exchangers 34
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Arrangements for high T & P exchangers 35

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical pipe run from exchangers to piperack 36

 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

6.8) Piping Layout for Columns/Vessels/Drums (slides 41-59)

 Column/Vessel piping orientated and arranged wrt process
requirement, vessel internals, nozzle orientation, maintenance
and adjacent structure. Piping positioned to allow inter-
connection with piperack and other related equipment.
 Piping shall be grouped to simplify supporting.
 Adequate space between adjacent lines and between lines and
vessel shell to allow for installation of pipe supports and
insulation.
 Minimum distance from outside of pipe to vessel shell shall
normally be 450mm for un-insulated lines and 550mm for
insulated lines (increased as appropriate for significant insulation
thickness, i.e. cryogenic service.)

37
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 Column piping shall be routed with adequate flexibility to

accommodate thermal expansion (including start-up and steam
out conditions).
 Piping along vertical vessel shall run radially around column on
piperack side, manway and platforms shall be located on the
access side.
 Sequence of piping around column influenced by conditions at
grade level. Arrange piping without crossing to give neat
appearance and convenience for installation.
 Piping layout should allow for gravity draining of seperators to
closed drain system (no pockets).
 Requirement of minimum pipe run between equipment shall be
indicated on P&IDs.

38
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

● Provide platforms for accessing to manholes / valves / blinds /

instruments for operation & maintenance. Platform widths are
dictated by operator access.
 Handling of exterior items (i.e. relief valves/blinds) and interior
items (i.e.trays) should be achieved using permanent lifting
facilities (lifting davits or trolley beams). These are to be located
adjacent to or accessible from the vessel top head platform and
require a dropout volume extending down to grade.
 Vessel manways, hand holes, line blinds, relief valves, level
instruments and valve larger than 2” require access from
permanent or portable platform.
● Manholes arranged in same direction towards drop-out area to
facilitate for removal of internals to laydown area.

39
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 Nozzles on vessels and tanks shall be provided with spectacle

blinds or spade & spacer for isolation requirement. Blinds shall be
vertical whenever possible for ease of removal. Where possible
valves, blinds, spacers shall be located directly on vessel
nozzles.
 If mobile equipment is used, access from adjacent roads must be
maintained.
 Relief valves protecting columns connected to overhead lines
and located on highest platform (relief to atm).
 In closed relief system, relief valves shall be at lowest platform
just above relief header, relief lines should be self draining.

40
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of column piping arrangement 41

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

42
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of column skirt 43

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of operator access 44

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of operator access 45

 Example - Column piping
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

46
6) PIPING LAYOUT
Example FOR(top)
- Column piping EQUIPMENT

47
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example - Column piping

48
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Catalytic column 49
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of column 50
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of column 51
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical horizontal vessel 52

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Example of horizontal vessel 53

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Production seperators (FPSO) 54

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical Pressure vessel 55

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical pressure vessel 56

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical N2 receiver 57
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

6.9) Piping layout for pig launcher/receiver (slides 62-66)

 Consideration shall be given to mechanical handling facilities for
pigs (cranage/A frame/monorail, manual handling limit 25kg).
 Elevation of receiver/launcher shall be kept to minimum but shall
be of sufficient height to allow drain lines to be run.
 Pressure indicators shall be located so that they will be visible to
operator.
 Piping between risers and launchers and/or receivers shall have
a bend radius in accordance with specifications from intelligent
pig supplier (3D, 5D,etc.)
 The junction between the production line and the inlet/outlet to
the launcher/receiver shall be designed to prevent pigs from
entering the production line by means of barred tee or sphered
tee to permit safe passage of pigs.

58
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 The launcher/receiver shall be sloped towards the trap closure,

and a spillage retention tray provided with drain, shall be
installed. The retention tray for the receiver shall be sized
according to the length and volume.
 A minimum of 2m straight run should be arranged between the
sphere or bar tee and the pipeline ESD valve in order to
accommodate for installation of an inflatable welding sphere. This
is to provide double isolation against the pipeline if repair of the
isolation valves to the pig trap or isolation valves to the process
area should be necessary. This is applicable to piping where non
flexible risers are used.

59
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Offshore pig receiver 60

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Offshore pig receiver 61

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

62
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Offshore pig launchers/receivers 63

6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Gas pipeline pig launcher 64

 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

6.10) Piping layout for wellhead area (flowlines) (slides 69-73)

 Xmas tree maintenance through hatches on Main deck can be
done with minimum dismantling of flowlines.
 In the design of piping manifolds, preference shall be given to the
use of extruded branches.
 Production manifolds shall be designed for solid (scale) removal
where this may be a problem.
 Provide adequate flexibility to cater for wellhead thermal growth
and platform settlement.
 Minimize offshore hook-up piping
 Individual flowline should be accessible for maintenance
 Manifold should be flanged at ends to simplify cleaning &
inspection process.

65
 6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

 Consideration shall be given to any changes of direction in the

flowlines up to the manifold, where the product contains particles
at high velocities which will erode the fittings, e.g. target tees, 3D
bends.
 An erosion pipe spool shall be considered for installation
immediately downstream of each choke valve for
corrosion/erosion monitoring (approx. 2m long). If the spool
length between the choke valve and the shut off valve on the
manifold is sufficiently short, it can be considered as an erosion
spool. Sand monitoring can sometimes be used instead.
 For high velocity flow (>10m/s), flowline downstream of choke
valves to have 10D free of abrupt changes to minimize flow
cutting (normally indicated on P&IDs).

66
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical offshore
wellhead piping

67
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical offshore
manifold piping

68
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical
wellhead piping

69
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical
wellhead piping

70
6) PIPING LAYOUT FOR EQUIPMENT

Typical manifold skid 71

 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

7.1) Steam piping

 Steam take-off lines and exhaust steam return lines shall be
connected to top of the headers, block valves shall be provided in
branch lines.

Branches

Header

72
7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Branches

Header

Steam piping take-off 73

 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

 Steam drip legs with steam traps shall be provided on all steam
lines at all low point pockets to facilitate drainage. These shall
located upstream of vertical risers and at a minimum of 50m
spacings on straight run lines, they shall also be provided in
‘dead leg’ situation upstream of normally closed block valve.

50m

74
7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

50m

Typical steam traps of industrial plant 75

 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

● Steam trap discharge & condensate lines may be grouped

together and discharged to the nearest return header.
Condensate may be discharged to nearest sewer or catch basin,
when it is uneconomical to be returned from the steam trap to the
collection header, subject to client approval.
● Steam piping shall be run to prevent pockets. Condensate shall
be collected at low points by using a standard steam trapping
system.
● Drain points shall be from the bottom of the header and steam
take-offs from the top.

76
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

7.2) Cooling water (CW) (slides 78-79)

 CW normally taken from river & sea
 Where practical CW should be distributed to various major users
in a UG pipe system. Other users may be distributed using AG
system.
 Small branches (1.1/2” and below) from CW header shall be
taken form top of header to avoid blockage. Larger branches may
be from top or bottom to suit layout requirement.
 Strainers to be provided at CW inlet piping if necessary.
 For open system separate inlet and discharge points of CW
system (to river & sea) as far as possible to avoid recirculation of
hot water.

77
7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

A cooling water system at power station 78

7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

A cooling water system at power station 79

 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

7.3) Service water (SW)

 Small branches (1.1/2” and below) from SW header shall be
taken form top of header to avoid blockage. Larger branches may
be from top or bottom to suit layout requirement.
7.4) Air
 Branch lines from plant air header shall be taken from top of
header. Block valves are required for each branch and positioned
local to user.
 Drain valve shall be provided at low points in the header to free
water that may collect.
 Air piping shall have self draining provision at all low points for
the collection of condensate. Air traps shall be provided with
isolation valves, balance lines and drains to local collection
points.

80
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

 Instrument air headers and manifolds shall not be dead ended

but supplied with blind flanges for cleaning and maintenance.
 Branch lines from instrument air header shall be taken from top of
header. Block valves are required for each branch and located at
the header.
7.5) Vents & Drains (V&D)
 Vents & drains valves shall be provided to relieve fluids/gases
trapped between isolating valves.
 Piping shall be designed and arranged in such a way that high
points and pockets/dead legs, where hydrocarbon can collect,
are minimized and systems are self draining back to equipment.

81
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

 V&D shall be ¾” minimum, except noted otherwise on P&IDs,

hydrotest V&D will not be shown. V&D arrangement shall be in
acc. with piping detail standards.
 Low points of all lines shall contain a valved drain connection
 Low point drains shall preferable terminate at least 200mm above
grade to allow for rodding of drains.
 High point vents, general requirement:
- Process services : valved vent required for all sizes & ratings
 Steam services : valved vent required for line sizes 2” and above,
below 2” no vent required.
 Other utility services : non-valved vent required for line sizes 2”
and above, below 2” no vent required.

82
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

- For sewers, vents shall discharge at least 3m above grade in

safe open area, and shall extend 3m above any platform,
equipment or pipeway located within a horizontal distance of 8m.
- Open hydrocarbon vent shall not be located within a horizontal
distance of 30m from a fired heater unless the vent is elevated to
15m, in which case it is allowed to be located 15m horizontally
from the heater
 Drains shall have slope as specified on the P&ID's. Open drain
branch connections shall all be 45°.Rodding points shall
preferably be through drain boxes and change of direction shall
be evaluated against flushing requirements, where the total
change of direction is greater than 135°.

83
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

7.6) Utility Hose Stations (US) (slides 86-88)

 Air, steam, water and Nitrogen (depending on requirement of
project) shall be provided to all areas of plant where operation
and regular maintenance is required. US is usually located at
grade and 15m hose is provided from the station. On
towers/columns or reactors, US shall be provided at the top
platform level and each platform serving a manway. Where
manways are in close proximity (i.e within 7.5m elevation)
provision shall be made for a US at the upper manway, allowing
hose length to reach the lower manway.
 Each type of utility medium shall be provided with a dedicated
type of hose connection to prevent connecting to the wrong utility
medium.
 The sequence for hose connection of US shall be steam, water,
air, Nitrogen from the operator viewpoint.

84
 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

 Hose connection shall be orientated vertically downwards and

valves and connections shall be approximately 1.2 m above
grade or platform level. Hose connection block valve shall be
located immediately prior to the hose connection in an accessible
position clear of all obstructions.
 Quick release coupling shall be provided for connecting to utility
services.

85
7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Typical utility station 86

7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Typical utility connection on vessels or platform 87

7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Typical utility station 88

 7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

7.7) Firewater piping (slides 90-91)

 The layout of the firewater distribution system shall be carefully
designed with respect to hydraulic pressure drop.
 Pump suctions (2 or more pumps) from water source, discharge
to FW ringmain ( UG for onshore).
 Firewater ringmain to cover all required areas.
 All branches from ringmain shall be provided with shut-off valves.
 Deluge nozzles branch off shall be located away from the bottom
of the header to avoid plugging of nozzles.
 Location of nozzles shall be as specified by the Safety discipline.
Necessary deviations to avoid obstructions etc. shall be approved
by the Safety discipline.
 Dead end headers shall be avoided.

89
7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Typical FW deluge system 90

7) PIPING LAYOUT FOR UTILITY SYSTEMS

Typical FW tank & pump house 91

 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

8.0) Piping layout for instruments

8.1) General
 All instruments which require regular maintenance or calibration,
shall be accessible from grade or permanent platform, access
from temporary platform shall be avoided. Pressure instruments,
temperature instruments and level gauge isolation valves may be
accessed from a permanent ladder.
 Instrument connections shall be orientated so that
instrumentation does nor obstruct aisles, ladders or platforms,
whilst still being accessible.

92
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

8.2) Control Valves (slides 95-97)

 Regulating, throttling or control valves shall be accessible for
hand operation. When used in conjunction with an indicator that
responds to the operation of a valve, the valve and indicator shall
be located so that operator can observe the response when
operating the valve.
 All control valve arrangements, and supports shall be designed to
allow for removal of the valve for maintenance, no provision
should be made for servicing in situ.
 Control valves shall be located at grade or platform level where
they are readily and permanently accessible for maintenance or
operation, unless specified otherwise for process requirement.
 Control valve shall be located in the horizontal with valve stem
up. They shall be installed as close as possible to the equipment
they serve.
93
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 When an increase in line size is required downstream, the control

valve shall be located as close to the reducer as possible.
 Where control valves are less than line size, the reducers shall
be placed adjacent to the valve. Spools or reducers between
flanged block valve and control valve shall be made long enough
to permit bolt removal. In screwed lines with a screwed control
valve, unions shall be installed on each side of the control valve.

94
8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical P&ID for control valves

95
8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Control valves in pump skid

96
8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Example of control valves 97

 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

8.3) Flow instruments (slides 101 & 102)

 Adequate clearance distances shall be provided for the orifice
plate withdrawal and maintenance.
 Sufficient clearance shall be provided around the orifices flanges
for installation of valves, tubing, transmitters and recorders. A
minimum of 600mm on sides and 900mm front and back is
required.
 Minimum straight pipe run for upstream and downstream of flow
orifice (or flow venturis) shall normally be 20D upstream and 5D
downstream (refer to Instrument group for specific requirement)
 Flow orifice flanges and orientation of tappings shall be in
accordance with ‘piping standard details’

98
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 Orifices shall be installed in horizontal lines wherever possible. If

installed in vertical lines, flow shall be upward for liquids and
downward for gases.
8.4) Level instruments (slides 103-105)
 Level gauge glasses at vessels shall be visible whenever
possible from the valve which controls the level in vessel.
 When possible, level gauge glasses should be positioned
adjacent to associated level instruments.
 When designing piping hook ups for level instruments, due
regard shall be given to accessibility, readability and proximity to
adjacent ladders, trays, piping etc. Vent and drain requirements
of instruments shall also be taken into account and adequate
clearance provided accordingly.

99
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 Standpipe (bridles) shall be required if more than 2 level gauge

connections are required. Standpipes are considered part of
piping. The minimum diameter for standpipes shall be 3”.
 Standpipe for pressure vessel is nor recommended.

100
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS
Isolation valve

Orifice plate
assembly

Pressure transmitter

Temperature transmitter

DP transmitter

Orifice plate assembly for steam 101

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Coriolis flowmeter 102

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical level instrument 1 103

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical level instrument 2 104

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical level instrument 3 105

 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

8.5) Temperature instruments (slides 107-109)

 The minimum size for thermowell installation is 4” NB, piping
smaller than 4” NB shall be locally swaged up to 4” NB.
 Thermowell location shall be a minimum of 10 pipe diameters
downstream of a junction of two streams of different temperature.
Location, orientation and accessibility of thermowells shall take
account of withdrawal space required for the instrument.
 Temperature indicator shall be visible from grade, ladder or
platform.
 For horizontal lines, preferred thermowell connection is vertically
upwards, mounted at bottom of pipe is not allowed.

106
8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical thermowell 107

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Types of thermowell 108

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical thermowell 109

 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

8.6) Relief Valves (slides 114-116)

 Relief valve discharge lines from adjacent equipment may be
routed into a common discharge header, providing the header is
of sufficient size to meet capacities of relief valves. When
combining such lines, consideration shall be given to thermal
expansion of piping system and back pressure on relief valves.
 Relief valve that discharge into a common header shall discharge
into the top of the header. Valves shall be located above the
header with discharge lines free to drain into header.
 Relief valve discharge to atmosphere shall exhaust away from
any operator area (For HC discharge, 3m above platform within
horizontal radius of 15m, for steam horizontal radius is 7.5m). A
6mm weep hole shall be drilled at the underside of discharge line
at the lowest elevation. Discharge piping should have ends cut
square.
110
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 Piping to pressure relief valve inlet shall be as short as possible

 When relief valves discharge to atmosphere, the elevation at the
top of the discharge line shall typically be 3000 mm above all
adjacent equipment. This is to keep adjacent equipment outside
plume area. Discharge tail pipes shall have a drain hole at the
low point of the line.
 Relief valves discharging to a flare system shall be installed so as
to prevent liquid being trapped on the outlet side of the valve. All
relief lines and headers shall be designed to eliminate pockets,
but if a relief valve must be located at a lower elevation than the
header, an automatically operated drain valve shall be installed at
the valve outlet and piped to a collecting vessel or closed drain.

111
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 Relief valve headers shall slope towards the knock-out drum,

taking into account anticipated deck deflection and platform tilt
during operation. Pockets are to be avoided, but where a pocket
is unavoidable, some approved means of continuous draining for
the header shall be incorporated.
 Unless specifically noted on the P&ID all branch connections on
relief and blowdown systems shall be at 45° to the pipe run in the
same flow direction.
 Bracing and supports for relief valves shall be designed to
prevent vibration and over-stressing during discharge and to
permit removal of valve from the system.
 Relief valves must be located inboard of platform (totally) and
spaced to allow adequate access to valves.

112
 8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

 Relief valve inlet piping must be self draining back to equipment.

 Discharge piping from relief valves shall be self draining away
from the relief valve outlet and not be pocketed where there is a
likelihood of liquids accumulating in the line.
 Where relief valves operate in pairs they shall not be grouped
together on the discharge (to prevent discharge flow creating
back pressure that shuts the paired valve).

113
8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

RELIEF
DISCHARGE
LINE

DRAIN HEADER

Typical PSV discharge lines 114

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical PSV system 115

8) PIPING LAYOUT FOR INSTRUMENTS

Typical PSV 116

A OVERVIEW PRESENTATION ON PIPING
LAYOUT

END

THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION

117