FISCAL POLICY

TEAM 3 :
TRẦN THỊ VÂN ANH
TRẦN THỊ THI
DƯƠNG THU TRANG
LÊ HUYỀN TRANG
ĐỖ THỊ THANH LOAN

HAVE A GOOD TIME ~

LISTENING 1
VOCABULARY 1 :

STIMULATE (v) EXPANSIONARY (adj)

|ˈstɪmjuˌleɪt| |ɛkˈspænʃəˌnɛri|

◦ Encourage something to grow, develop ,or ◦ tending toward or causing expansion : mở

become active : Kích thích . rộng / nới lỏng
◦ Ex: The government plans to cut taxes in ◦ Ex: The economy has entered a fresh decline
order to stimulate the economy. after a brief expansionary period.
VOCABULARY 1 :

FLUCTUATION (n) BUSINESS CYCLE (n)

| flʌktjʊˈeɪʃən|

◦ A situation in which prices, levels or interest ◦ a time when business conditions are bad and
rates go up and down :sự biến động. back to growth: chu kỳ kinh doanh.
◦ Ex: Employers can adjust their workforce in ◦ Ex:The typical business cycle is three to five
line with fluctuations in demand for goods and years.
services.
VOCABULARY 1 :

FUNDAMENTAL (adj)
THE SHORT RUN/TERM
| fʌndəˈmɛntəl|
THE LONG RUN/TERM
◦ For a short/long period of time ◦ Forming the base, from which everything else
◦ Ngắn hạn /dài hạn develops :cơ bản
◦ Ex:It's one of the fundamental differences
◦ Ex:The company sacrificed profits in the
short term to win customers for the long run. between men and women.
◦ When the recession of 2009 hit, the federal government tried to stimulate the
LISTEN 1:
American economy. It cut taxes and increased spending. In other words, it Ex1. Listening and fill in the
conducted (1) expansionary fiscal policy. Fiscal policy -- the government's blanks (you will hear the
policies on taxes, spending and borrowing --that's used to try to mitigate (2)
recording twice)
fluctuations in the business cycle, to even out the booms and the busts. But,
how is it that expansionary fiscal policy is capable of working? Imagine an
economy that's operating at full employment. Workers have jobs, and factories
are operating near (3) capacity. If in that case, the federal government tries to
increase spending to, say, build a new road, then it necessarily has to take
away some people and some capital from other sectors of the economy. GDP
wouldn't increase, because there's already full employment. So government
spending would simply be (4) crowding out private spending and investment.
Building the new road? It may or may not be a good idea, depending on how
valuable that road would be. But still, the increased government spending
would not, in the short run, stimulate the economy. But now, in contrast,
imagine an economy during a recession. The (5) fundamental factors of
production are underused. Labor and capital are unemployed or
underemployed. Machines and buildings are idle. In this case, government
spending on a new road probably would increase GDP. In fact, an extra dollar
spent during a (6) recession might even increase GDP by more than a dollar.
Ex2: Look at five sentences for this part. You will hear the recording
again once and decide if each sentence is TRUE or FALSE.
1.Fiscal policy is the government’s policies based on government LISTEN 1:
taxes, spending and borrowing. T
2.Fiscal policy try to aggravate variation in the business cycle. F
3. If economy is operating at full employment and the federal
government increases spending , then GDP would increase. F
4.In the short run, the increase government spending would not
stimulate the economy. T
5.In fact, an extra dollar spent during a downturn might even
increase GDP by more than a dollar. T
Ex2: Look at five sentences for this part. You will hear the recording
again once and decide if each sentence is TRUE or FALSE.
1.Fiscal policy is the government’s policies based on government LISTEN 1:
taxes, spending and borrowing. T
2.Fiscal policy try to aggravate variation in the business cycle. F
3. If economy is operating at full employment and the federal
government increases spending , then GDP would increase. F
4.In the short run, the increase government spending would not
stimulate the economy. T
5.In fact, an extra dollar spent during a downturn might even
increase GDP by more than a dollar. T
Ex2: Look at five sentences for this part. You will hear the recording
again once and decide if each sentence is TRUE or FALSE.
LISTEN 1:
1.Fiscal policy is the government’s policies based on government
taxes, spending and borrowing.
2.Fiscal policy try to aggravate variation in the business cycle. F
... that's used to try to mitigate (giảm thiếu) fluctuations in the
business cycle
3. If economy is operating at full employment and the federal
government increases spending , then GDP would increase. F
4.In the short run, the increase government spending would not
stimulate the economy T
5.In fact, an extra dollar spent during a downturn might even
increase GDP by more than a dollar. T
Ex2: Look at five sentences for this part. You will hear the recording
again once and decide if each sentence is TRUE or FALSE.
LISTEN 1:
1.Fiscal policy is the government’s policies based on government
taxes, spending and borrowing.
2.Fiscal policy try to aggravate variation in the business cycle. F
... that's used to try to mitigate (giảm thiếu) fluctuations in the
business cycle
3. If economy is operating at full employment and the federal
government increases spending , then GDP would increase. F 
GDP wouldn't increase, because there's already full employment
4.In the short run, the increase government spending would not
stimulate the economy T
5.In fact, an extra dollar spent during a downturn might even
increase GDP by more than a dollar. T
LISTENING 2
VOCABULARY 2:

TAX RATE (n) MANIPULATE

| tæks reɪt | | mənɪpjʊleɪt |

◦ The tax rate is the percentage of an income or ◦ If you say that someone manipulates people,
an amount of money that has to be paid as tax. you disapprove of them because they skilfully
◦ Thuế suất force or persuade people to do what they
want.
◦ Thao túng
◦ Ex: He is a very difficult character. He
manipulates people
VOCABULARY 2 :

IMPOSE (v) VARIABLE (n)

| ɪmpoʊz | | veəriəbəl |

◦ If you impose something on people, you use ◦ A variable is a factor that can change in
your authority to force them to accept it. quality, quantity, or size, which you have to
◦ Áp đặt take into account in a situation.
◦ Biến số
◦ Ex: Britain imposed fines on airlines which
bring in passengers without proper papers. ◦ Ex: Decisions could be made on the basis of
price, delivery dates, or any other variable.
VOCABULARY 2 :

CASH INFLOWS / CASH OUTFLOWS

Dòng tiền vào và dòng tiền ra

EXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICY / CONTRACTIONARY FISCAL POLICY

Expansionary fiscal policy :Chính sách tài khoa mở rộng
Contractionary fiscal policy: Chính sách tài khoa thắt chặt
 LISTEN 2 :

Ex 1:Listen and chose the correct answer:

1. Fiscal policy is defined as 4. When the government faces too much economic
A. Making changes in tax rates and changing the amount of money in the expansion, should:
economy.
A. Reduce taxes and increase government purchases
B. Changing interest rates and government spending.
C. Caking changes in tax rates and government spending. B .Increase both taxes and government spending
D.Changing interest rates and changing the amount of money in the economy. C. Decrease both taxes and government spending
2. Whose cash inflows and outflows does the government manipulate in
order to affecting inflation and employment?
D. Increase in taxes and decrease in government purchases
A. Consumer
B. Government 5. Fiscal policy can be defined as
C. Country
A. Government policy with respect to transfer payments such
D. Ministry of Finance
as unemployment compensation and welfare.
3. The term “expansionary fiscal policy” refers to the government’s
attempts to stimulate the economy by B.Changing the levels of taxation and government spending
A. Increasing taxes so that people work harder. in order to influence aggregate demand and the level of
B. Decreasing government purchases so that the private economy has more
economic activity
money to spend. C. Government spending and tax decisions accomplished
C. Increasing government purchases or decreasing taxes. using automatic stabilizers.
D. None of the above answers is correct.
D. Government policy to retire the federal government debt.
 LISTEN 2 :

Ex 1:Listen and chose the correct answer:

1. Fiscal policy is defined as 4. When the government faces too much economic
A. Making changes in tax rates and changing the amount of money in the expansion, should:
economy.
A. Reduce taxes and increase government purchases
B. Changing interest rates and government spending.
C. Making changes in tax rates and government spending. B .Increase both taxes and government spending
D.Changing interest rates and changing the amount of money in the economy. C. Decrease both taxes and government spending
2. Whose cash inflows and outflows does the government manipulate in
order to affecting inflation and employment?
D. Increase in taxes and decrease in government purchases
A. Consumer
B. Government 5. Fiscal policy can be defined as
C. Country
A. Government policy with respect to transfer payments such
D. Ministry of Finance
as unemployment compensation and welfare.
3. The term “expansionary fiscal policy” refers to the government’s
attempts to stimulate the economy by B.Changing the levels of taxation and government spending
A. Increasing taxes so that people work harder. in order to influence aggregate demand and the level of
B. Decreasing government purchases so that the private economy has more
economic activity
money to spend. C. Government spending and tax decisions accomplished
C. Increasing government purchases or decreasing taxes. using automatic stabilizers.
D. None of the above answers is correct.
D. Government policy to retire the federal government debt.
Listen again and fill in the blanks:
◦ Fiscal policy is the government’s budget policy it relates to how the government changes its level of spending and the
tax rates. Fiscal policy is considered the sister to (1) monetary policy which are the ways that the government (2)
monitors and influences the economy. Let’s look at how fiscal policy works. Supporters of fiscal policy believe that the
government can affect public spending inflation and employment by (3) manipulating two key variables. The first
variable would be the level of spending which is the amount of money that the government spends. The second variable
would be the tax rate which is the amount of money that the government earns. Essentially, the government is affecting
(4) inflation and employment by manipulating its own cash inflows and outflows. But how exactly does this work? First
let’s look at expansionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy is used when the economy is slowing the government
reduces taxes and increases government spending. This in turn stimulates the economy reducing unemployment and
increasing the level of (5) economic activity such as sales and production. Next let’s look at contractionary fiscal policy.
This is used when the government faces too much economic (6) expansion which in turn causes high inflation. To slow
the economy down the government imposes or raises taxes. This reduces income levels and causes consumption and
investment to fall. According to (7) classical Keynesian economics a reduction in taxes and an increase in government
spending affect the economy in similar ways, conversely an increase in taxes would equal a decrease in government
spending. However when actually faced with inflation and (8) excess demand in the market, most governments tend to
lower government spending instead of raising taxes because raising taxes reduces the amount of support for the
government.
LISTENING 3
VOCABULARY 3 :

SIMPLIFY (v) BUDGET SURPLUS (n)

| sɪmplɪfaɪ | | ˈbʌdʒɪt ˈsɜːpləs |

◦ If you simplify something, you make it easier ◦ the amount by which government income
to understand or you remove the things which from taxation, customs duties, etc, exceeds
make it complex. expenditure in any one fiscal year.
◦ đơn giản hóa ◦ thặng dư ngân sách
VOCABULARY 3:

DEFICIT (n) ASSUME (v) COMPARE

| defəsɪt | | Əsjuːm | or | əsuːm | | kəmpeəʳ |
◦ A deficit is the amount by ◦ If you assume that ◦ When you compare things,
which something is less something is true, you you consider them and
than what is required or imagine that it is true, discover the differences or
expected, especially the sometimes wrongly similarities between them
amount by which the total ◦ Giả định ◦ đối chiếu,so sánh
money received is less
than the total money spent. ◦ Was it fair to compare
independent schools
◦ thâm hụt
with state schools?
A country has a budget deficit or simply (1) deficit when it spens more than it receives from
taxes and other forms of revenue,the same way we say it has a (2) budget surplus if it quote LISTEN 3
unquote saves money or what expenses are lower than government revenue.You usually hear
deficits being presented as a percentage of a country’s gross domestic product and the (3)
value seem pretty low,unfortunately that’s quite misleading because as explained in another Fill in the blanks and answer
video the GDP is what we all accomplished together as participants in the economy whereas the question below
government revenue is just the percentage of that, to (4) simplify we will (5) assume the GDP What is the listening talk
of a country is a hundred billion dollars and that the revenue which actually collects is 25 about?
billion so 25 percent of the GDP. Next let's say the deficit for that year was 4 percent of the
country's GDP which doesn't sound high if you put it like that ,however, it looks worse if you
(6) compare it to the government revenue value.A deficit the four billion means that 25
billion were collected but 29 spent,in other words that a country spent 16% more than it
collected which doesn't exactly sound sustainable especially since that money has to usually
be borrowed thereby increasing the (7) national debt. Deficit spending is one of the most
politically charged topics and economics and while we don't yet know for sure whether it's
good bad or somewhere in between. This video helps you properly understand the
terminology so that you can be an informed observer in political economic debates.
 LISTEN 3

What is the listening talk about?

A.Budget Deficits

B.Surpluses Defined

C.Debt

D.Deficit Spending and

Surpluses Defined.
 LISTEN 3

What is the listening talk about?

A.Budget Deficits

B.Surpluses Defined

C.Debt

D.Deficit Spending and

Surpluses Defined.
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 THANK
YOU FOR
LISTENING
BẢN DỊCH
◦ When the recession of 2009 hit, the federal government tried ◦ Khi cuộc suy thoái năm 2009 xảy ra, chính phủ liên bang đã cố
to stimulate the American economy. It cut taxes and increased gắng kích thích nền kinh tế Mỹ. Nó cắt giảm thuế và tăng chi
spending. In other words, it conducted expansionary fiscal tiêu. Nói cách khác, nó đã tiến hành chính sách tài khóa mở
policy.Fiscal policy -- the government's policies on taxes, rộng. Chính sách tài khóa – các chính sách của chính phủ về
spending and borrowing --that's used to try to mitigate thuế, chi tiêu và vay nợ - được sử dụng để cố gắng giảm thiểu
fluctuations in the business cycle, to even out the booms and những biến động trong chu kỳ kinh doanh, thậm chí ngăn chặn
the busts. But, how is it that expansionary fiscal policy is sự bùng nổ và phá sản. Nhưng, làm thế nào mà chính sách tài
capable of actually working? Imagine aneconomy that's khóa mở rộng có khả năng hoạt động thực sự? Hãy tưởng
operating at full employment. Workers have jobs, and tượng một nền kinh tế đang hoạt động với mức toàn dụng lao
factories are operating near capacity. If in that case, the động. Công nhân có việc làm và các nhà máy đang hoạt động
federal government tries to increase spending to, say, build a gần hết công suất. Nếu trong trường hợp đó, chính phủ liên
new road, then it necessarily has to take away some people bang cố gắng tăng chi tiêu để xây dựng một con đường mới, thì
and some capital from other sectorsof the economy. GDP nó nhất thiết phải lấy đi một số người và một số vốn từ các lĩnh
wouldn't increase, because there's already full employment. vực khác của nền kinh tế. GDP sẽ không tăng, bởi vì đã có toàn
So government spending would simply be crowding out dụng lao động. Vì vậy, chi tiêu của chính phủ sẽ đơn giản là lấn
private spending and investment. Building the new road? It át chi tiêu và đầu tư tưnhân. Xây dựng con đường mới? Nó có
may or may not be a good idea, depending on how valuable thể là một ý kiến hay, tùy thuộc vào giá trị của con đường đó.
Tuy nhiên, trong ngắn hạn, chi tiêu chính phủ tang lên sẽ
that road would be. But still, the increased government
không kích thích nền kinh tế. Nhưng bây giờ, ngược lại, hãy
spending would not, in the short run, stimulate the economy.
tưởng tượng một nền kinh tế đang trong thời kỳ suy thoái. Các
But now, in contrast, imagine an economy during a recession.
yếu tố cơ bản của sản xuất được sử dụng ít. Lao động và tư bản
The fundamental factors of production are underused. Labor
thất nghiệp hoặc thiếu việc làm. Máy móc và tòa nhà không
and capital are unemployed or underemployed. Machines and
hoạt động. Trong trường hợp này, chi tiêu của chính phủ cho
buildings are idle. In this case, government spending on a
một con đường mới có thể sẽ làm tăng GDP. Trên thực tế, them
new road probably would increase GDP. In fact, an extra
một đô la chi tiêu trong thời kỳ suy thoái thậm chí có thể làm
dollar spent during a recession might even increase GDP by tăng GDP hơn một đô la
more than a dollar.
◦ When the recession of 2009 hit, the federal government tried to stimulate
LISTEN 1:
the American economy. It cut taxes and increased spending. In other Ex1. Listening and fill in the
words, it conducted (1) expansionary fiscal policy. Fiscal policy -- the blanks (you will hear the
government's policies on taxes, spending and borrowing --that's used to try recording twice)
to mitigate (2) fluctuations in the business cycle, to even out the booms
and the busts. But, how is it that expansionary fiscal policy is capable of
working? Imagine an economy that's operating at full employment.
Workers have jobs, and factories are operating near (3) capacity. If in that
case, the federal government tries to increase spending to, say, build a new
road, then it necessarily has to take away some people and some capital
from other sectors of the economy. GDP wouldn't increase, because there's
already full employment. So government spending would simply be (4)
crowding out private spending and investment. Building the new road? It
may or may not be a good idea, depending on how valuable that road
would be. But still, the increased government spending would not, in the
short run, stimulate the economy. But now, in contrast, imagine an
economy during a recession. The (5) fundamental factors of production
are underused. Labor and capital are unemployed or underemployed.
Machines and buildings are idle. In this case, government spending on a
new road probably would increase GDP. In fact, an extra dollar spent
during a (6) recession might even increase GDP by more than a dollar.
◦ When the recession of 2009 hit, the federal government tried ◦ Khi cuộc suy thoái năm 2009 xảy ra, chính phủ liên bang đã cố
to stimulate the American economy. It cut taxes and increased gắng kích thích nền kinh tế Mỹ. Nó cắt giảm thuế và tăng chi
spending. In other words, it conducted expansionary fiscal tiêu. Nói cách khác, nó đã tiến hành chính sách tài khóa mở
policy.Fiscal policy -- the government's policies on taxes, rộng. Chính sách tài khóa – các chính sách của chính phủ về
spending and borrowing --that's used to try to mitigate thuế, chi tiêu và vay nợ - được sử dụng để cố gắng giảm thiểu
fluctuations in the business cycle, to even out the booms and những biến động trong chu kỳ kinh doanh, thậm chí ngăn chặn
the busts. But, how is it that expansionary fiscal policy is sự bùng nổ và phá sản. Nhưng, làm thế nào mà chính sách tài
capable of actually working? Imagine aneconomy that's khóa mở rộng có khả năng hoạt động thực sự? Hãy tưởng
operating at full employment. Workers have jobs, and tượng một nền kinh tế đang hoạt động với mức toàn dụng lao
factories are operating near capacity. If in that case, the động. Công nhân có việc làm và các nhà máy đang hoạt động
federal government tries to increase spending to, say, build a gần hết công suất. Nếu trong trường hợp đó, chính phủ liên
new road, then it necessarily has to take away some people bang cố gắng tăng chi tiêu để xây dựng một con đường mới, thì
and some capital from other sectorsof the economy. GDP nó nhất thiết phải lấy đi một số người và một số vốn từ các lĩnh
wouldn't increase, because there's already full employment. vực khác của nền kinh tế. GDP sẽ không tăng, bởi vì đã có toàn
So government spending would simply be crowding out dụng lao động. Vì vậy, chi tiêu của chính phủ sẽ đơn giản là lấn
private spending and investment. Building the new road? It át chi tiêu và đầu tư tưnhân. Xây dựng con đường mới? Nó có
may or may not be a good idea, depending on how valuable thể là một ý kiến hay, tùy thuộc vào giá trị của con đường đó.
Tuy nhiên, trong ngắn hạn, chi tiêu chính phủ tang lên sẽ
that road would be. But still, the increased government
không kích thích nền kinh tế. Nhưng bây giờ, ngược lại, hãy
spending would not, in the short run, stimulate the economy.
tưởng tượng một nền kinh tế đang trong thời kỳ suy thoái. Các
But now, in contrast, imagine an economy during a recession.
yếu tố cơ bản của sản xuất được sử dụng ít. Lao động và tư bản
The fundamental factors of production are underused. Labor
thất nghiệp hoặc thiếu việc làm. Máy móc và tòa nhà không
and capital are unemployed or underemployed. Machines and
hoạt động. Trong trường hợp này, chi tiêu của chính phủ cho
buildings are idle. In this case, government spending on a
một con đường mới có thể sẽ làm tăng GDP. Trên thực tế, them
new road probably would increase GDP. In fact, an extra
một đô la chi tiêu trong thời kỳ suy thoái thậm chí có thể làm
dollar spent during a recession might even increase GDP by tăng GDP hơn một đô la
more than a dollar.
Listen again and fill in the blanks:
◦ Fiscal policy is the government’s budget policy it relates to how the government changes its level of spending and the
tax rates. Fiscal policy is considered the sister to (1) monetary policy which are the ways that the government (2)
monitors and influences the economy. Let’s look at how fiscal policy works. Supporters of fiscal policy believe that the
government can affect public spending inflation and employment by (3) manipulating two key variables. The first
variable would be the level of spending which is the amount of money that the government spends. The second variable
would be the tax rate which is the amount of money that the government earns. Essentially, the government is affecting
(4) inflation and employment by manipulating its own cash inflows and outflows. But how exactly does this work? First
let’s look at expansionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy is used when the economy is slowing the government
reduces taxes and increases government spending. This in turn stimulates the economy reducing unemployment and
increasing the level of (5) economic activity such as sales and production. Next let’s look at contractionary fiscal policy.
This is used when the government faces too much economic (6) expansion which in turn causes high inflation. To slow
the economy down the government imposes or raises taxes. This reduces income levels and causes consumption and
investment to fall. According to (7) classical Keynesian economics a reduction in taxes and an increase in government
spending affect the economy in similar ways, conversely an increase in taxes would equal a decrease in government
spending. However when actually faced with inflation and (8) excess demand in the market, most governments tend to
lower government spending instead of raising taxes because raising taxes reduces the amount of support for the
government.
◦ Fiscal policy is the government’s budget policy it relates to how the ◦ Chính sách tài khóa là chính sách ngân sách của chính phủ, nó liên
government changes its level of spending and the tax rates. Fiscal policy is quan đến cách chính phủ thay đổi mức chi tiêu và thuế suất. Chính
considered the sister to monetary policy which are the ways that the sách tài khóa được coi là chị em với chính sách tiền tệ, là cách thức
government monitors and influences the economy. Let’s look at how fiscal mà chính phủ giám sát và tác động đến nền kinh tế. Hãy xem chính
policy works. Supporters of fiscal policy believe that the government can
sách tài khóa hoạt động như thế nào. Những người ủng hộ chính sách
affect public spending inflation and employment by manipulating two key
tài khóa tin rằng chính phủ có thể ảnh hưởng đến lạm phát chi tiêu
variables. The first variable would be the level of spending which is the
amount of money that the government spends. The second variable would
công và việc làm bằng cách thao túng hai biến số chính. Biến số đầu
be the tax rate which is the amount of money that the government earns. tiên sẽ là mức chi tiêu, tức là số tiền mà chính phủ chi tiêu. Biến số
Essentially, the government is affecting inflation and employment by thứ hai sẽ là thuế suất, là số tiền mà chính phủ kiếm được. Về cơ bản,
manipulating its own cash inflows and outflows. But how exactly does this chính phủ đang tác động đến lạm phát và việc làm bằng cách thao
work? First let’s look at expansionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal túng dòng tiền vào và ra của chính mình. Nhưng chính xác thì điều
policy is used when the economy is slowing the government reduces taxes này hoạt động như thế nào? Trước tiên, hãy xem xét chính sách tài
and increases government spending. This in turn stimulates the economy khóa mở rộng. Chính sách tài khóa mở rộng được sử dụng khi nền
reducing unemployment and increasing the level of economic activity such kinh tế đang chậm lại, Chính phủ giảm thuế và tăng chi tiêu của chính
as sales and production. Next let’s look at contractionary fiscal policy. This phủ. Điều này lại kích thích nền kinh tế giảm tỷ lệ thất nghiệp và tăng
is used when the government faces too much economic expansion which in
mức độ hoạt động kinh tế như bán hàng và sản xuất. Tiếp theo, hãy
turn causes high inflation. To slow the economy down the government
xem xét chính sách tài khóa thắt chặt, điều này được sử dụng khi
imposes or raises taxes. This reduces income levels and causes consumption
and investment to fall. According to classical Keynesian economics a
chính phủ phải đối mặt với việc mở rộng kinh tế quá nhiều, từ đó gây
reduction in taxes and an increase in government spending affect the ra lạm phát cao. Để làm chậm nền kinh tế, chính phủ áp đặt hoặc tăng
economy in similar ways, conversely an increase in taxes would equal a thuế, điều này làm giảm mức thu nhập và khiến tiêu dùng và đầu tư
decrease in government spending. However when actually faced with giảm. Theo kinh tế học Keynes cổ điển, việc giảm thuế và tăng chi
inflation and excess demand in the market, most governments tend to lower tiêu của chính phủ ảnh hưởng đến nền kinh tế theo những cách tương
government spending instead of raising taxes because raising taxes reduces tự. ngược lại, tăng thuế sẽ tương đương với giảm chi tiêu của chính
the amount of support for the government. phủ. Tuy nhiên, khi thực sự đối mặt với lạm phát và nhu cầu dư thừa
trên thị trường, hầu hết các chính phủ có xu hướng giảm chi tiêu của
chính phủ thay vì tăng thuế vì tăng thuế làm giảm lượng hỗ trợ cho
chính phủ.
A country has a budget deficit or simply (1) deficit when it spens more than it receives from
taxes and other forms of revenue,the same way we say it has a (2) budget surplus if it quote LISTEN 3
unquote saves money or what expenses are lower than government revenue.You usually hear
deficits being presented as a percentage of a country’s gross domestic product and the (3)
value seem pretty low,unfortunately that’s quite misleading because as explained in another Fill in the blanks and answer
video the GDP is what we all accomplished together as participants in the economy whereas the question below
government revenue is just the percentage of that, to (4) simplify we will (5) assume the GDP What is the listening talk
of a country is a hundred billion dollars and that the revenue which actually collects is 25 about?
billion so 25 percent of the GDP.Next let's say the deficit for that year was 4 percent of the
country's GDP which doesn't sound high if you put it like that ,however, it looks worse if you
(6) compare it to the government revenue value.A deficit the four billion means that 25
billion were collected but 29 spent,in other words that a country spent 16% more than it
collected which doesn't exactly sound sustainable especially since that money has to usually
be borrowed thereby increasing the (7) national debt. Deficit spending is one of the most
politically charged topics and economics and while we don't yet know for sure whether it's
good bad or somewhere in between. This video helps you properly understand the
terminology so that you can be an informed observer in political economic debates.
◦ A country has a budget deficit or simply deficit when it spens ◦ Một quốc gia bị thâm hụt ngân sách hoặc chỉ đơn giản là thâm hụt
more than it receives from taxes and other forms of revenue,the khi họ chi tiêu nhiều hơn số tiền họ nhận được từ thuế và các hình
same way we say it has a budget surplus if it quote unquote saves thức thu nhập khác, giống như cách chúng ta nói rằng họ có thặng
money or what expenses are lower than government revenue.You dư ngân sách nếu tiết kiệm hoặc những chi phí nào thấp hơn ngân
usually hear deficits being presented as a percentage of a sách của chính phủ.Bạn thường nghe thấy thâm hụt được trình bày
dưới dạng phần trăm tổng sản phẩm quốc nội của một quốc gia và
country’s gross domestic product and the value seem pretty
giá trị có vẻ khá thấp, tiếc là điều đó khá sai lầm vì như được giải
low,unfortunately that’s quite misleading because as explained in
thích trong một video khác, GDP là những gì tất cả chúng ta cùng
another video the GDP is what we all accomplished together as nhau hoàn thành với tư cách là những người tham gia vào nền kinh
participants in the economy whereas government revenue is just tế mà trong khi doanh thu của chính phủ chỉ là một phần tỷ lệ phần
the percentage of that, to simplify we will assume the GDP of a trăm,để đơn giản hóa ta giả sử GDP của một quốc gia là một trăm tỷ
country is a hundred billion dollars and that the revenue which đô la và doanh thu thực tế thu được là 25 tỷ, tức là 25 phần trăm
actually collects is 25 billion so 25 percent of the GDP.Next let's GDP. Tiếp theo, hãy giả sử thâm hụt trong năm đó là 4 phần trăm
say the deficit for that year was 4 percent of the country's GDP GDP của quốc gia đó. Nghe có vẻ không cao nếu bạn đặt nó như
which doesn't sound high if you put it like that ,however, it looks vậy, tuy nhiên, nó có vẻ tệ hơn nếu bạn so sánh nó với giá trị doanh
worse if you compare it to the government revenue value.A thu của chính phủ. thâm hụt bốn tỷ có nghĩa là 25 tỷ thu được nhưng
deficit the four billion means that 25 billion were collected but 29 tỷ được chi, nói cách khác là một quốc gia đã chi nhiều hơn 16%
29 spent,in other words that a country spent 16% more than it so với số thu được, điều này không có vẻ chắc chắn chính xác, đặc
collected which doesn't exactly sound sustainable especially biệt vì số tiền đó thường được vay, do đó làm tăng nợ quốc gia.
Thâm hụt chi tiêu là một trong những chủ đề mang tính chính trị và
since that money has to usually be borrowed thereby increasing
kinh tế và chúng ta không hề biết chắc chắn tính tốt xấu hay đâu đó
the national debt. Deficit spending is one of the most politically
ở giữa chúng. Video này giúp bạn hiểu đúng thuật ngữ để bạn có thể
charged topics and economics and while we don't yet know for
trở thành người quan sát sáng suốt trong các cuộc tranh luận kinh tế
sure whether it's good bad or somewhere in between. This video chính trị.
helps you properly understand the terminology so that you can
be an informed observer in political economic debates.