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IC Engines

Internal combustion engines convert the heat from fuel combustion inside the engine into mechanical work. There are various types classified by thermodynamic cycle, fuel, number of strokes, ignition type, number of cylinders, engine placement, and cooling system. Key parts include the cylinder, piston, crankshaft. Important terms are bore, stroke, swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio, piston speed. Four-stroke engines involve intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. Two-stroke engines combine functions.

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376 views14 pages

IC Engines

Internal combustion engines convert the heat from fuel combustion inside the engine into mechanical work. There are various types classified by thermodynamic cycle, fuel, number of strokes, ignition type, number of cylinders, engine placement, and cooling system. Key parts include the cylinder, piston, crankshaft. Important terms are bore, stroke, swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio, piston speed. Four-stroke engines involve intake, compression, power, and exhaust strokes. Two-stroke engines combine functions.

Uploaded by

Pradeep N B
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IC ENGINES (HEAT ENGINES)

Definition:
An internal combustion engine is a heat
engine which converts heat energy released
by the combustion of fuel taking place
inside the engine cylinder into mechanical
work.
Ex: automobile vehicles (petrol engines,
diesel engines and gas engines),
locomotives and aircrafts.
Classification of I C engine:

a) Based on thermodynamic cycle


(1) Otto cycle (2) Diesel cycle (3) Dual combustion cycle.
b) Based on the fuel
(1) Petrol (2) Diesel (3) Bi-fuel (4) Gas
c) Based on strokes
(1) Two stroke (2) Four Stroke
d) Based on the Ignition
(1) Spark Ignition (2) Compression Ignition
e) Based on number of Cylinders
(1) Single cylinder (2) multi cylinder
f) Based on the engine placing
(1) V-engine (2) I or vertical engine (3) Horizontal engine
(4) Opposed engine (5) Radial engine
g) Based on the cooling systems
(1) Air cooled (2) Water cooled
Parts of an IC engine
Terminologies used in IC Engines
Contd..
a) Bore: it is the inner diameter of the cylinder.
b) Crank Radius (crank throw): it is the linear distance between the shat center
and crank pin center. It is equal to half the stroke length
c) Top dead centre/Inner dead centre: it is the extreme position of the piston
towards the cover end of the cylinder. The crank pin comes between the piston
and the crankshaft
d) Bottom dead centre/Outer dead centre: it is the extreme position of the
piston towards the crank end of the cylinder. The crank pin moves to the
farthest distance from the cylinder.
e) Stroke: It is the linear distance travelled by the piston from one dead centre
position to another dead centre position. It is equal to twice the crank radius.
f) Swept volume (piston displacement) 𝑽𝑺 : it is the volume through which the
piston sweeps during a stroke. It is equal to the product of the surface area of
the piston and its stroke length.
Contd..
g) Clearance volume 𝑽𝒄 : it is the volume included
between the top of the piston and bottom of the
cylinder head when the piston is at TDC or IDC.
h) Compression Ratio (CR): It is the ratio of the total
cylinder volume to its clearance volume.
i) Piston Speed (Velocity of piston) 𝑽𝒑: it is the distance
travelled by the piston per unit time. It is also called
average speed of the piston and is equal to the product
of twice the stroke length and the number of
revolutions of the crank per second (n)
Four Stroke Petrol Engine (Spark Ignition):
Four Stroke Diesel Engine (Compression Ignition)
Two Stroke Petrol Engine (Spark Ignition)
PROBLEM
The following observations were obtained during a trial on a four-stroke
diesel engine.
Cylinder Diameter = 25cm
Stroke of the piston =40cm
Crankshaft speed =250rpm
Brake load =70kg
Brake drum diameter =2m
Mean effective pressure =6bar
Diesel oil consumption =0.1 m3/min
Specific gravity of diesel =0.78
Calorific value of diesel =43900 kJ/kg

Find
1. Brake power 2. Indicated power
3. Frictional power 4. Mechanical efficiency
5. Brake thermal efficiency 6. Indicated thermal efficiency

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