International School of Technology, Arts and

Culinary of Davao City INC

Science Technology and Society

By: Dr. Lorevic D. Stefaniak
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
AND SOCIETY
The interdisciplinary course
deals with interactions
between science, technology r
and society. That includes
social, cultural, political, and
economic contexts that
shape and are shaped by
them. (CMO No. 20, series of 2013)
 1. DEFINE SCIENCE,TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIET

 SCIENCE- concerted human effort to understand, or to understand

better, the history of the natural world and how the natural world
works, with observable physical evidence as the basis of that
understanding.
 Technology- is the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes. (Oxford Reference)
 Society- is a grouping of individuals, which is characterized by
common interest and may have distinctive culture and institutions. A
"society" may refer to a particular ethnic group (New World Encyclopedia)
Social: relating to society or its organization.
Social organisms, including humans,
live collectively in interacting populations (Dictionary)
Cultural: relating to the ideas, customs,
and social behavior of a society. ( Dictionary)
Political: relating to the government or
the public affairs of a country. (Wikipedia)
Economic: Economics is a social science concerned
with the production, distribution,
and consumption of goods and services.
(www.investopedia.com)
Chapter1: General Concepts and Historical Developments
LESSON 1: Historical Antecedents which Changed the Course of Science and
Technology
Lesson 2: Science and Technology and Its Role in Nation Building
Lesson 3: Government Laws, Policies, Plans and Projects Pertaining to Science and
Technology
Chapter1: General Concepts and Historical Developments
LESSON 1: Historical Antecedents which Changed the Course of Science and
Technology
Lesson 2: Science and Technology and Its Role in Nation Building
Lesson 3: Government Laws, Policies, Plans and Projects Pertaining to Science and
Technology
 Learning Outcomes
At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to:
 Trace the historical development of science and technology in the
world;
..
 Ancient, Middle and Modern Ages and in the Philippines; and
Demonstrate appreciation for the developments in science and
technology.
 ANTECEDENT
Ssomething.
• It is defined as a precursor to the unfolding or existence of

• Antecedents of science and technology are factors that paved way for
the presence of advanced and sophisticated scientific and
technological innovations today.
• We can use the historical developments of science and technology to
come up with proper decisions and applications of science and
technology to daily life.
 HISTORICAL
ANTECEDENTS
MIDDLE

HISTORICAL
ANCIENT MODERN
ANTECEDENTS
ANCIENT PERIOD
• Ancient civilization paved the way for advances in science and technology.

• These advances during the ancient period allowed civilizations to flourish by

finding better ways of communication, transportation, self-organization and ways of
living.
 ANCIENT PERIOD
The span of recorded history is roughly
5,000 years, covers all continents inhabited
by humans in the period 3000 BC – AD
500.

Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
In this period, assumed that
primitive humans used other
materials such as wood, bone,
fur, leaves, and grasses before
they mastered the use of stone,

Fire was the most important discovery of Paleolithic Man.

Warm the Body
Food Preparation
 ANCIENT PERIOD
Stone Age (300 to 400 B.C). Early Stone Tools

From the beginning of time, man has

strived to improve his way and quality of
life. The caveman discovered how to
make and use tools, developed a logical
sequence for activities, and evolved
processes that added value to his life.
 ANCIENT PERIOD
Advances in Stone Tools
Technology and Aspects of
Early Society
Trade: Bricks, Semi-precious
stones, sea shells were
currencies
Society is changing, with its
technology
ANCIENT PERIOD (Stones Age)
Bronze Age

the Bronze Age lasted from roughly 3300 to

1200 B.C.
Bronze and Copper- widely used in this age as
chief materials for making weapons and other
implements.
Humans made many technological advances
during the Bronze Age, including the first
writing systems and the invention of the
wheel.
Bronze Age Writing System
Bronze Age Inventions
Iron Age

The Iron Age was a period in human history that started

between 1200 B.C. and 600 B.C., depending on the region,
and followed the Stone Age and Bronze Age.
Metal for the most part replaced bronze in implements and
weapons, varied geographically, beginning in the Middle East
and southeastern Europe about 1200 BCE but in China not
until about 600 BCE. Although in the Middle East iron had
limited use as a scarce and precious metal as early as 3000
BCE,
Best Iron:

 China’s seric iron

 India’s wootz steel
Domestication of Animals

Beginning of Agriculture
Transportation
•people travel in search for food and shelter or
settlement.
•to trade for surplus good
ANCIENT WHEEL
• People from ancient
civilization used animals as
means of transportation.

• The invention of ancient

wheel is credited to the
Sumerians.
ANCIENT WHEEL
POTTER’S WHEEL ANCIENT WHEEL
PAPER
• Around 3000 B.C., the ancient
Egyptians began writing on a
papyrus.

• It is made up from a pith of plant

called cyperus papyrus.
• Before the invention of papyrus,
writing and record-keeping is done on
stones and tablets.
SHADOOF
• A tool used and invented by
ancient Egyptians to irrigate
land.
• It is a hand-operated device used
for lifting water.

• Its invention introduced the idea

of lifting things using
counterweights.
ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM
• Discovered in 1902 and retrieved
from the waters of Antikythera,
Greece.
• It is a mechanism similar to a
clock for it has a circular face
and rotating hands.
• It is believed that this mechanism
is used to predict astronomical
positions and eclipses.
ANTIKYTHERA
MECHANISM
AEOLIPILE
• It is also known as the Hero’s engine.

• It is a steam-powered turbine which

spins as the water container at its
center is heated.

• At first, it doesn’t served any practical

purpose. It is believed to be one of the
“temple wonders” at that time.
MIDDLE AGES
 Birth of an idea
 Dark ages
 The Catholic Church in the
Middle Ages
 The Rise of Islam
 The Crusades
 Art and Architecture
 The Black Death
 Economics and Society
MIDDLE AGES
• The major advances in scientific and technological development took place in this
period.
• These advancements include constant increase if new inventions, innovations in
traditional production and the emergence of scientific thinking and method.
Middle Age
• -5th century may be described as
feudal.
• 11th century towns were well
established.
• 12th they growing in Northern France,
England and Germany.
• 1100's- European Universities were
established (Science and Mathematics
were given emphasis.
• .
Inventions in the middle ages
- .Sternpost rudder
- Lenses and spectacle - Gunpowder and canon
- Paper - Printing press
- Distillation and alcohol
HEAVY PLOUGH
“The heavy plough turned European agriculture
and economy on its head. The fields with heavy,
fatty soil became those that gave the greatest
yields.”
- Prof. Thomas Andersen

- Because of the invention of heavy plough,

northern Europe saw rapid economic
prosperity.
Lenses and spectacle
Eyeglasses were made from two convex
lenses confined by rims made of bone or
metal. ... Additionally, the lenses were either
positioned before the wearer's eyes or
secured on either side of the wearer's nose.-

-.
Distillation and alcohol
Arabian alchemists, including
Rhases(860-940) and Avicenna (980-1037),
described the preparation of the water of life
and the distillation method used to enrich the
product by conveying the alcoholic vapours
through ash or quicklime; they also distilled
mercury and perhaps alcohol, without knowing it
Printing press

“The Printing press was a new mode of printing

texts and books which was invented by
Johannes Gutenberg in the first half of the 15th
century. Gutenberg's invention proved critically
significant for the Renaissance that was taking
place across Europe.
Watermill and Windmill
“The watermill and Windmill were used to grind
grain, drive sawmills, power lathes, move
pumps, forge bellows, make vegetable oils,
and power textile mills. It served as the main
source of power for medieval Europe and
necessitated that most towns needed to exist
near water to make use of this type of power
source.
Mariner’s magnetic compass
“The mariner’s compass is a navigational
instrument utilized by various seafarers from at
least the Middle Ages up until the mass reception of
navigational radar in the mid-20th century.

- mariner’s compass also serves as the

beginnings of the rise of secularity and empirical
science
- This Compass Aided Prince Henry Navigate to
travel South Africa, Portugal, and India Same
time Columbus Discovered America
Middle Age
• Copernicus rediscovered
what ancient Greek had
known that the sun was at
the center of the solar
system that the earth
revolves around it.
Sternpost rudder
• The primary instrument used to control
ships
 Rudder, part of the steering apparatus
of a boat or ship that is fastened outside
the hull, usually at the stern. The most
common form consists of a nearly flat,
smooth surface of wood or metal hinged
at its forward edge to the sternpost.
 It operates on the principle of unequal
water pressures.
GUNPOWDER
- Around 850 A.D., Chinese alchemists
accidentally invented the gunpowder.
- Prior to the invention of gunpowder,
swords and spears were used in battles
and wars.
- The invention of gunpowder has
allowed advanced warfare such as
fiery arrows, cannons and grenades.
PAPER MONEY
- Paper money was first used by
Chinese in 17th century.
- Before the introduction of paper
money, merchants and traders used
precious metals such as gold and
silver.
• They realized that using paper money
brought advantages because it is
easier to keep and transport.
SPINNING WHEEL
• A machine used to transform fiber
into thread or yarn and eventually
woven into cloth.
• It is theorized that the Indians are the
one invented the spinning wheel
between 6th and 11th century.

• It sped up the rate of manually

spinning fiber by 10 to 100 times.
MECHANICAL CLOCK
• The development of mechanical
clock helped the people in
accurately keeping the track of
time.
• The sophistication of clockwork
technology drastically changed
the way of spending the day and
work patterns were established.
MODERN AGES
• Modern Science and technology around 1600 AD
• Historical period when people realized the importance of
the efficiency of transportation, communication and
production.

• Industrialization; factories being built to produce good at

massive quantity but with greater risk on human health,
food safety and environment.
TELESCOPE
• Galileo- the first to use modern scientific method
based on experiment and testable observation
• Spy glass or now known as telescope use to identify
ship before it enter a harbor.
• Invented by Galileo Galilei that can magnify 20
times larger than a regular glasses.

• This is used to discover important astronomical

discoveries such as craters and mountains in
moon.
 Modern Ages
Industrial period and Age of
Exploration

The Modern period was characterized by the

rise of science, and by increasingly rapid
technological progress,
MODERN AGES
• Isaac Newton born in 1642, he helped define the Laws of
gravity and planetary motion. Co-founded calculus and
explain the laws of light and color
• Albert Einstein- the most famous scientist of the 20th century.
His work on Quantum theory, nuclear power, atom bomb
and the equation e=mc2
had profound impact to the science and technology.
RADIO and TELEVISION
Guglielmo Marconi: an Italian inventor, proved the
feasibility of radio communication. He sent and
received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895.

- Invented by Scottish engineer John Logie Baird in

1920s.

- British Broadcasting Corporation used this for its

earliest television programming in 1929.

- This first television is mechanical and not the

same as the television we have nowadays.
Automobile
• In 1769, the very first self-propelled road
vehicle was a military tractor invented by
French engineer and mechanic, Nicolas Joseph
Cugnot (1725 - 1804). Cugnot used a steam
engine to power his vehicle, used by the
French Army to haul artillery.
• Karl Friedrich Benz (1844-1929) the first
gasoline-powered car
• Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler (1834-1900)
GASOLINE / First four wheeled, four-stroke
engine- known as the “Cannstatt-Daimler
COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
• Invented by a Dutch
Zacharias Janssen in 1590’s.

• Nowadays, microscope is
used in many scientific
studies in the area of
medicine, forensics and
genetics.
JACQUARD LOOM
• Built by French weaver Joseph Marie
Jacquard which simplifies textile
manufacturing.

• Prior to this invention, a drawloom is

used which requires two persons to
operate.
ENGINE-POWERED
AIRPLANE • Invented by Orville Wright and
Wilbur Wright.
• They demonstrated that slightly-tilted
wings are the key features of a flying
aircraft.
 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS
IN MODERN AGE
• Electricity
• Telephones
• TV
• Computers
• Cars
• Airplanes
• Internet
• Medicines/ Equipments
Science and Technology in
The Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines

• Pre-Colonial Period
• Spanish Colonial Period
• American Period and Post-
Commonwealth era
• Marcos Era and Martial Law
• Fifth Republic
• President Fidel V. Ramos’ Term
• President Joseph Estrada’s term
• Pres. Gloria M. Arroyo’s Term
• Pres. Benigno Aquino’s Term
 The colonization of the
Philippines contribute to
growth of science and
technology in the
archipelago.

The Spanish introduced formal

education and founded scientific
institution
During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines. Parish school were stablished where
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was thought.

Sanitation and more advanced

methods of agriculture was taught
to the natives.

Field of engineering in the islands by

constructing government buildings,
churches, roads, bridges and fords
 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTIONS
• Electricity
• Telephones
• TV
• Computers
• Cars
• Airplanes
• Internet
• Medicines/ Equipments
Philippine ST Before Spanish
• Handicrafts, Weaving, pottery, metal ware and
boats use by ancient Filipino
• Medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants
• . methods of extracting medicine from
and the
herbs.
• alphabet, writing, method of counting, weights
and measure.
• Farming, shipbuilding, and mining.
• The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by pre-
Spanish era.
Spanish Colonial Period
Spanish Introduce the following:
• 1565 to 1898,Spanish colonial period
• Formal education and founded scientific institution
•
• .
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music.
• Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture
• colleges and universities in the archipelago including the University of
Santo Tomas in 1871.
• Medicine, engineering by constructing government buildings, churches,
roads, bridges and forts.
• Biology, Botanists during 19th century were Fr. Ignacio Mercado, Dr.
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera and Dr. Leon Ma Guerrero,
• Jesuits Promoted meteorological studies, founded Manila Observatory at
Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865

.
Con….Spanish Era
Spanish Introduce the following:

• chemist Anaclento del Rosario,

• . and medicine scholars Dr. Manuel
Guerrero, Dr, Jose Montes and Dr. Elrodario Mercado.
• The Galleon Trade: in the Philippine colonial economy that prospects of big
profits.
• Agriculture and industrial development were relatively neglected.
• The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the
Spanish colony and some Filipinos were able to study in Europe who were
probably influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals brought
by the Age of
American Period and Post-Commonwealth era

 American rule July 1, 1901

Philippine commission
 Bureau of Government Laboratories were establish
 Department of Interior.
• .
 Then become Laboratorio Municipal changed and become
Bureau of Science and on December 8, 1933

 The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical diseases and

laboratory projects. On October 26, 1905,
 the National Research Council of the Philippines was established.
[

  The Bureau of Science became the primary research center of

the Philippines until World War II.
American Period and Post-Commonwealth era

• Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food
processing, medicine and pharmacy.
• In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science.
• . Survey to the Philippines in 1950, there is
• In a report by the US Economic
a lack of basic information which were necessities to the country's
industries, lack of support of experimental work and minimal budget for
scientific research and low salaries of scientists employed by the
government.
• In 1958, during the regime of President Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine
Congress passed the Science Act of 1958 which established the National
Science Development Board.[5]
Marcos Era and Martial Law (1973)

• 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV, Section 9, he declared that the

"advancement of science and technology
• enacted many laws promoting science and technology.
• January 23, 1967, directed• the. Department of Education to revitalize the
science courses in public high schools. The Department of Education, with the
National Science Development Board (NSDB), is organizing a project to
provide selected high schools with science teaching equipment over a four-year
period
• January 22, 1968, support projects in applied sciences and science education.
• PAGASA- (1972) Philippine atmospheric, Geophysical, Astronomical Services
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
The Science and Technology in the Philippines
 Inventions by
Filipino Scientists
E-Jeepney
Erythromycin
 Invented by Abelardo
Aguilar
 Created from the strain
of bacterium
Streptomyces erthreus
Medical Incubator
 Invented by Fe Del
Mundo
Mole Remover
 Credited for the invention of
the mole remover is Mr.
Rolando Dela Cruz
 made from cashew nuts
extracts
Banana Ketchup
 Invented by the
Maria Y. Orosa
Thank you