Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER
MODE
Presented by

Amiya Kumar Sahu

Roll # EC200118243
Under the Guidance of

Mr. N. Srinivas

1
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
Asynchronous Transfer Mode is a very high speed and low cost


transmission technology for voice, data, video,and television.

It delivers high – capacity transmission at various speed.
Delivers speeds of 155 Mbps to 622 Mbps (compatible with SONET and
can transmit HD TV).
Handles both Constant Bit Rate(Voice and Video) and Variable Bit
Rate(Data)
Key to ATM’ success is cell switching, which is faster than traditional
multiplexing techniques
It is Connection oriented.
It offer a simplified network infrastructure.
It is used for user applications that require High bandwidth ,high speed
data transfer.

2
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

WHY ATM ?
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• B-ISDN(Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network)uses ATM

technology which has high data rate and services
• ATM provide larger bandwidth, high speed data transfer rate, quality of
service and grade of service.
• ATM transmits all information in small, fixed-size packets called cells.cell
switching was chosen because
• First, cell switching is highly flexible and can handle both constant rate
traffic (audio, video) and variable rate traffic (data) easily.
• Second , at the very high speeds envisioned (gigabits per second are within
reach), digital switching of cells is easier than using traditional multiplexing
technique, especially using fiber optics.
• Third, for television distribution, broadcasting is essential, cell switching can
provide this and circuit switching cannot.

3
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM CELLS
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Fixed-size
»5 byte header
–virtual channel information
–virtual path information
–payload type information
–cell loss priority
»48 bytes information
Advantages to use of small, fixed-size cells :
- reduce queuing delay for a high-priority cell
- can be switched more efficiently
- easier to implement the switching mechanism in hardware
4
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM CELL FORMAT

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

5
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM VIRTUAL CONNECTIONS

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

•Two types of ATM connections exist: virtual paths, which are identified by
virtual path identifiers, and virtual channels, which are identified by the
combination of a VPI and a virtual channel identifier (VCI).
• A virtual path is a bundle of virtual channels, all of which are switched
transparently across the ATM network on the basis of the common VPI.
•A transmission path is a bundle of VPs. Figure below illustrates how VCs
concatenate to create VPs, which, in turn, concatenate to create a transmission
path.
6
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Management plane

Control plane User plane

Higher Layers Higher Layers

ATM Adaptation Layer

Virtual Channel Functions
ATM Layer Plane management
Virtual Path Functions

Physical Layer (PMD) Layer management

7
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM PROTOCOL ATCHITECTURE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Physical layer
- specify a transmission medium & signal encoding scheme
- specify the data rate ( normally, 25.6 Mbps to 622.08 Mbps)

• ATM layer
- roughly analogous to the data link layer of the OSI reference model
- responsible for the simultaneous sharing of virtual circuits over
physical link
- passing cells through the ATM network

• ATM Adaptation layer ( AAL )

- combined with the ATM layer
- maps higher-layer information into ATM cells
- collects information from ATM cells to higher layers

8
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Three separate planes :

• User Plane
- provides for user information transfer
e.g. flow control, error control
• Control Plane
- performs call & connect control functions
• Management Plane
- Plane management
whole system functions
- Layer management
Resources and parameters in protocol entities
9
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM ADAPTATION LAYERS

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

10
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM ADAPTATION LAYER

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• This division leads to four types of services:

– Class A: CBR, connection-oriented, with timing relation
– Class B: VBR, connection-oriented, with timing relation
– Class C: VBR, connection-oriented, no timing relation
– Class D: VBR, connection-less, no timing relation
• 5 AALs are defined in the standards:
– AAL0 - cell transport AAL, cell-based services (i.e. no adaptation)
– AAL1 - CBR traffic with strong timing relationship
– AAL2 - VBR traffic with strong timing relationship
– AAL3/4 - connection-oriented/connection-less VBR “bursty” data
– AAL5 - connection-less/connection-oriented VBR service
(simplified version of AAL3/4, intended for high speed LANs)

11
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ATM CONNECTION TYPES

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ATM supports two connection types

• Point-to-point—Connections of this type can be unidirectional or
bidirectional.
• Point-to-multipoint—Connections of this type are unidirectional only.

12
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

ADVANTAGES OF ATM
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Advantages of ATM are many. Among these are:

– Simplified network infrastructure
– interoperability with existing conventional technology (migration
occurs at user’s pace)
– Scalability and flexibility
– Effective use of network capacity because of 'bandwidth on demand'
principle of ATM.
– Low transfer delay and support for both non-real-time and real-time
applications.
– Supports multimedia applications and mixed traffic through VPs and
VCs.
– expected to be the transport mode for a seamless unified, universal,
broadband integrated network operating in local and/or wide
fixed/mobile environment.
– large support from standard and industry forums

13
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

CONCLUSION
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

• Since the need of information and data transfer is in growing demand

ATM will hold a greater demand in the days to come.

• Time is a critical factor in data transfers so ATM plays a great role

since it have a high speed of data transfer as well as security.

14
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu
 Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

THANK YOU

15
Presented by: Amiya kumar sahu