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Unit Iii: Inter-Relationship Between Disasters AND Development

The document discusses factors that affect vulnerability to disasters and the relationship between disasters and development. It outlines four levels of vulnerability and lists several physical, economic, social and political factors that determine a person's vulnerability, including poverty, access to resources, age, gender, education and the built environment. Several examples of development projects like dams and embankments are provided, along with their advantages and disadvantages, and how they can increase vulnerability to hazards or negatively impact the environment.

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Tina Trueman
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168 views19 pages

Unit Iii: Inter-Relationship Between Disasters AND Development

The document discusses factors that affect vulnerability to disasters and the relationship between disasters and development. It outlines four levels of vulnerability and lists several physical, economic, social and political factors that determine a person's vulnerability, including poverty, access to resources, age, gender, education and the built environment. Several examples of development projects like dams and embankments are provided, along with their advantages and disadvantages, and how they can increase vulnerability to hazards or negatively impact the environment.

Uploaded by

Tina Trueman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT III

INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISASTERS


AND
DEVELOPMENT
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES
• Physical, economic, social and political factors
determine peoples level of vulnerability and the
extent of their capacity to resist, cope with and
recover from hazards.
• Poverty is a major contributor to vulnerability.

• Vulnerability definition :A predisposition, tendency


or inclination to suffer damages when a hazardous
event occurs
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

Levels of Vulnerability : Four levels


– Very low
– Low
– Medium
– High

VULNERABILITY
DISASTERS HAZARD
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

• Causes of vulnerabilities
– Poverty
– Limited access to resources and power
– Ideologies
– Economic system
– Age
– Sex
– Illness and disabilities
– Lack of education, training, skills
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES
Fragile Physical Environment
• Dangerous locations
• Dangerous buildings
Fragile Local Economy
• Low levels of income
• Livelihood at risk
Macro Forces
• Population Growth
• Urbanization
• Environmental Degradation
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

Hazards :Trigger Events


– Earthquake
– Storm
– Floods
– Landslides
– Volcanic Eruption
– Drought
– Fire
– War
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES
Vulnerability Indicators
1. Physical:
– Geography
– Environment
– Infrastructure
– Hazardous Industries
2. Lack of Emergency Management :
– Plans
– Equipment
– Trained People
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

3. Demographic :
– Numbers
– Density
– Structure
– Minorities
4.Health
– Patterns of Disease
– Disabilities
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

5. Economic :
– Income
– Employment
– Insurance
6. Communication :
– Public Education
– Information Dissemination
– Access to Media
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES
7. Psychological :
– Experience
– Stress
– Acceptance
8. Cultural :
– Languages
– Belief Systems
9. Organizational :
– NGO Services
– Logistics
– Policies
FACTORS AFFECTING VULNERABILITIES

Susceptibility: Exposure to danger


Resilience : Capacity to recover

Vulnerability: Predisposition to suffer damage


due to external events
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Dams :
Are structures that adjust flow and sediment
discharge of river. Though building dams have
positive outcomes in terms of water
conservation, they also have negative impacts
by creating fundamental changes in natural
processes of the environment.
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

• Advantages
– Water for Agriculture
– Livelihood of people around the dam
– Drinking water supply
– Hydro-electric power
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

• Disadvantages
– Pose a threat during floods, earthquakes, etc;
– Fragmentation of river ecosystem
– Blocks the flow of sediment downstream, leading
to downstream erosion and increased sediment
build up in the reservoir.
– Bio-diversity loss.
– Emission of methane(greenhouse gases)due to
increase in bio-mass volume.
– Increase in water borne diseases.
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Embankments :
A wall or bank of earth or stone built to
prevent a river flooding an area.
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Effects:
– Floods can cause topping or breaching of
embankments which results in inundation of water
or loss of fertile land.
– Flooding is a regular phenomenon of embanked
regions.
– Land which is covered by sand loses its fertility.
Hence farmers are forced to migrate to other areas.
– Depth of river decreases due to siltation of river.
– Swampy land is formed by spilled water
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Land Use:
How governments regulate and control land use.
Give permission for people to build houses,
businesses or factories called zoning.
Types of Land Use:
– Recreational
– Transport
– Agricultural
– Residential
– Commercial
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Effects of Changes in Land Use:


– Increases property value and human habitation
– Urbanization has a big impact on land use.
Homes are being arranged in denser pattern, and
human population is becoming congested at
certain areas.
IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
– Uncontrolled development will destroy the natural
environment and long term economic growth.
– It will affect forest borders, wildlife habitat, etc;
– Deforestation is mainly caused by increase in
urban areas and infrastructures.
– Deforestation will cause climate change, global
warming, environmental degradation and species
extinction.

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