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METALS and NON-METALS

This document describes the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. It states that metals are generally solids, shiny, malleable and ductile with high melting and boiling points, while non-metals can be solids, liquids or gases and are generally soft, not lustrous, malleable or ductile with low melting and boiling points. It also discusses alloys, plastics, and chemical reactions metals undergo with oxygen, water and acids. Corrosion of metals is explained along with common prevention methods like applying oil, paint, galvanization and electroplating.

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Tushti Ramlogan
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448 views24 pages

METALS and NON-METALS

This document describes the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals. It states that metals are generally solids, shiny, malleable and ductile with high melting and boiling points, while non-metals can be solids, liquids or gases and are generally soft, not lustrous, malleable or ductile with low melting and boiling points. It also discusses alloys, plastics, and chemical reactions metals undergo with oxygen, water and acids. Corrosion of metals is explained along with common prevention methods like applying oil, paint, galvanization and electroplating.

Uploaded by

Tushti Ramlogan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integrated Science

METALS and NON-METALS


Metals
Physical Properties of Metals

Metals are:
 solids (except mercury at room
temperature).
 generally hard at room temperature (some
exceptions occur, such as sodium).
 shiny, they have a metallic lustre.
 malleable (can be beaten into thin sheets
and shaped).
 ductile (can be drawn into thin wires).
Physical Properties of Metals
(continued)

Metals have :
 high melting points.
 high boiling points.
Metals are:
 good conductors of heat. ( Best conductors
are silver and copper.)
 good conductors of electricity. ( Best
conductors are silver and copper)
 sonorous. (produce sound when beaten)
Physical Properties of Non-Metals

 Non-metals may be solids, liquids or gases.


(eg’s solids – Carbon, Sulphur, Phosphorus
liquid – Bromine, Gases – Oxygen,
Hydrogen, Nitrogen)
 Non-metals are soft (except diamond which
is the hardest natural substance).
 Non-metals do not have lustre.
 Non-metals are not malleable.
 Non-metals are not ductile.
Physical Properties of Non-Metals
(continued)

Non-metals have:
 low melting points.
 low boiling points.
Non-metals are:
 generally poor conductors of heat.
 generally poor conductors of electricity.
(except graphite)
 not sonorous.  
Plastics
Plastics
Alloys
Alloys
 An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of a metal with
other metals or non metals.
  Eg’s:
 Steel – iron, carbon
 Stainless steel – iron, carbon, cobalt, nickel
  Brass – copper, zinc
  Bronze – copper, tin
  Solder – Lead, tin (used for welding electrical wires
together)
  If one of the metals in an alloy is mercury, it is called an
amalgam.
Properties of Alloys
Assessing the Use of Metals instead of
Plastics
 High melting points – good for use in ovens / other high
temperature environment
 Strong when stretched – good for burglar proofing,
fences etc
 Sonorous – useful in making bells and musical
instruments
 Lustrous – used as reflective surfaces such as
headlamps, torches, jewellery, ornaments
 Non toxic
 More environmentally friendly, when compared to
plastics.
Chemical Properties of Metals

Reaction with oxygen :

   Metals react with oxygen to form metal oxides.


   When copper is heated it combines with oxygen to form copper oxide. 
    copper + oxygen  copper oxide

   When aluminium is heated it combines with oxygen to form aluminium 


   oxide.   
Aluminium + oxygen  aluminium oxide

   Some metal oxides are basic oxides because they react with water to form bases
(alkalis).
  Sodium + oxygen  sodium oxide
sodium oxide + water  sodium hydroxide (alkali)

  
Reactions of different metals

Different metals may not always react in the same way:

 If iron is heated it glows brightly.


 If copper is heated it does not burn but forms a black coating
of copper oxide.

 Silver does not react with oxygen even at high temperatures.


 Some metals like aluminium forms an oxide layer over it
which prevents further oxidation. They are called self-
protecting metals. 
Metals and Water

Reaction with water :


 Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides
and hydrogen gas. 
 Aluminium + water  aluminium hydroxide +
hydrogen gas
 Test for hydrogen gas: Place a lighting splint
(flame) in the test tube and if it makes a
“popping” sound, hydrogen gas is present.
Reactions : Metals with Water

 Metals such as aluminium, iron and zinc


react only with steam to form the metal
oxides and hydrogen. 
 Metals like tin, copper and silver do not
react with water.
Reaction : Metals with acids
 Metals react with dilute acids to form salts
and hydrogen.
 Aluminium + hydrochloric acid  aluminium
chloride (a salt) + hydrogen gas
 The reactivity varies from metal to metal.
 Silver, for instance, does not react with dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Reactivity Series
Reactivity series of metals :

 It is useful to arrange metals in order of reactivity


 The arranging of metals in the decreasing order of their reactivity is called

reactivity series of metals.


        

Most reactive

    Al    - Aluminium
    Zn   - Zinc                           Reactivity decreases
    Fe   - Iron
 Sn - Tin
    Cu  - Copper
    Ag  - Silver                           Least reactive
Corrosion / Rusting

 Corrosion is the process in which metals (or


alloys) react with oxygen to form the oxide.
 Eg :- Formation of brown coating of rust over
iron.
 Conditions required for rusting:
iron in the presence of moisture and oxygen
 Chemical name for rust : hydrated iron
oxide.
Rusting:Activity
Rusting Activity
To show that air and moisture are necessary for the rusting of iron :-  

 Take four test tubes marked 1,2,3,4 and put iron nails in each of them.
 Put some anhydrous calcium chloride in test tube 1 to absorb moisture.
 Pour some boiled, distilled water in test tube 2 and pour some oil over it to prevent
air into the test tube.
 Pour same amount of tap water in test tube 3.
 Pour same amount of salt (sodium chloride) solution in test tube 4.
 Cover the test tubes and leave them for a few days.

RESULTS / EXPLANATIONS:
 The nail in test tube 1  does not get rusted because there was only air and no water.
 The nail in test tube 2 does not rust because it had only water and no air.
 The nail in test tube 3 gets rusted because it had air and water. 
 The nail in test tube 4 gets rusted, even more quickly than that in 3, since the
presence of salt increases the rate of rusting.
Rust Prevention
Rust Prevention
 Corrosion of metals can be prevented by :

   i) Applying oil or grease.


  ii) Applying paint.
 iii) By galvanisation. (coating with zinc)
 iv) By tinning. (coating with tin)
  v) By electroplating. (coating a less reactive metal
like chromium)
 vi) By alloying. (making alloys)
METALS and NON-METALS

THE END!

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