Scribd
Upload
66 views24 pages

Bacillus: Spore-Forming Gram Positive

This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

Uploaded by

علي عبد الكريم عاصي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views24 pages

Bacillus: Spore-Forming Gram Positive

This document describes Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. Bacillus are gram positive rods that can form spores allowing survival in extreme temperatures and conditions. B. anthracis causes anthrax and produces toxins that are virulence factors. It causes cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal anthrax. B. cereus can cause two types of food poisoning. While both are spore forming bacilli, B. anthracis is pathogenic and causes anthrax through toxin production, while B. cereus typically causes short-lived food poisoning.

Uploaded by

علي عبد الكريم عاصي
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Spore-Forming Gram positive

Bacillus
General Characteristics of Bacillus
 Gram positive rods.
*most are saprophytic or normal flora
*Bacillus anthracis is the most important member
 Produce endospores.(heat & cold resistance
spores)
 Aerobic or facultative anaerobe
 Catalase positive
*Rapidly differentiates from Clostridia
 Most of the Bacillus spp. Are found in soil, water
and airborne dust thermophilic(≤75 Cº)and
psychrophilic (≥5-8 Cº).
Laboratory Characteristics of Bacillus
 On blood agar
• Large, spreading, gray-white colonies, with irregular
margins
• Many are beta-hemolytic (helpful in differentiating various
Bacillus spp. from B. anthracis)
 Spores seen after several days of incubation, but not
typically in fresh clinical specimens
Bacillus anthracis
Physiology and structure of Bacillus
anthracis

*spore-forming gram-positive bacilli.


*Facultative anaerobe
*Nonfastidious growth of non hemolytic
colonies
*Polypeptide capsule consisting of poly-D-
glutamic acid
Properties Bacillus anthracis
 Large gram + rod.
 Square ends, frequently found in chains.
 Nonmotile, other members of the genus are motile.
 Culture on blood agar.
 3 forms of anthrax:
Cutaneous ‫ ــ‬Painless ulcer with a black eschar.
pulmonary – inhalation of spores
gastrointestinal – ingested spores
Virulence factor of Bacillus anthracis

 Present of capsule and this capsule consisting


of poly-D-glutamic acid
 Virulent strains produce three exotoxins
*Letho factor
*Edema factor
*Spreading factor
These factors are allow bacteria to cause disease
 Spores can survive in soil for years
Clinical presentation of
Anthrax(Cutaneous Anthrax)
 95% human cases are cutaneous infections
 1 to 5 days after contact
 Small, pruritic, non-painful papule at inoculation
site
 Papule develops into hemorrhagic vesicle &
ruptures
 Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black
eschar surrounded by edema
 Infection may spread to lymphatics
 Septicemia may develop
 20% mortality in untreated cutaneous anthrax .
Clinical presentation of
Anthrax(Inhalation Anyhrax)
 Virtually 100% fatal (pneumonic)
 Meningitis may complicate cutaneous and
inhalation forms of disease
 Pharyngeal anthrax
*Fever
*Pharyngitis
*Neck swelling
Clinical presentation of
Anthrax(Gastrointestinal Anthrax)
 Virtually 100% fatal
 Abdominal pain
 Hemorrhagic ascites
 Paracentesis fluid may reveal gram
positive rods
Edema and necrosis Inhalation anthrax with
around eye bilateral pneumonia, more
severe in left lower lung.
Laboratory diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis

 Gram staining ;rod shaped, gram


positive
 Anthrax quick ELISA test.
 From clinical sample , such as blood,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skin lesion
(eschar)
Laboratory diagnosis of Bacillus anthracis

 growth on sheep blood agar;


-Large gram-positive rods
-Nonmotile
-Nonhemolytic
 Gelatin stab culture
 Chest X-ray
Bacillus cereus
Quest. Recognize anthracis VS cereus
Physiology and structure of
Bacillus cereus
 Spore forming gram positive bacilli.
 Facultative anaerobe.
 Nonfastidious growth requirement.
 Spores on grains such as rice
Virulence factor of Bacillus cereus

 The bacteria produce two kind of toxins


*Heat-labile enterotoxin.
*Heat-stable enterotoxin.
 Spores can survive in soil
 Tissue destruction is mediated by
cytotoxic enzymes including cereolysin
and phospholipase C .
Laboratory diagnosis and
Clinical features

 Cause food poisoning.


 Two symptoms a. Short incubation (4hrs) const.
nausea & vomiting. b. Long incubation (18hrs)
watery, nonbloody diarrhea.
 Lab. Diagnosis not usually done.
 Isolation of the organism in implicated food
product or nonfecal specimens(e.g., eyes,
wound).
Edited by Asst.lec D.M.A

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy