Unit 5

Design of Slabs
General Design Considerations
1. L/d ratio CL 24.1
Since slabs are provided with less pt ( 0.3%),
higher values are assumed, kt = 1.25
One way
Simply supported Slabs = 20 x1.25 = 25
Cantilever = 7 x1.25 =8
Continuous = 26 x 1.25 =32
Two Way ( Short span to be considered)
Simply Supported = 35
Continuous (Restrained) = 40
2. Minimum Slab Thickness = 100mm. (practical)
3. Clear Cover=20 mm (Table 16A)
4. Rebar Dia: #8,#10,#12
5. Maximum Rebar Dia = (1/8) xD CL 26.5.2.2
6. Minimum Ast CL 26.5.2.1
0.12% of Total C/S area – HYSD
0.15% of Total C/S area – MS
7. Maximum Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)
Main Reinforcement:
< Min(3d or 300 mm)
Temperature and shrinkage reinforcement
(Distribution)
< Min(5d or 450 mm)
placed perpendicular to main bars
above main bars for sagging moments
below main bars for Hogging moments
8. Rebar Shapes Bar Marks

Straight Bars at Bottom for

Sagging Moments
(CONTINUOUS EDGE)

Straight Bars at Top for

Hogging moments
(Continuous Edge)

Straight bars with Hooks

(Discontinuous Edge)

Bent-up bars used to resist

both sagging and Hogging
moments. (Not much
preferred)
U -bars used for corner
reinforcement in two way
restrained slabs
9. Bar marks
Bar marks are short lines drawn at 450 at the
ends of rebars
They are used to distinguish rebar lines from
other lines in drawing.
Also the directions indicate the positioning of
rebars in slabs - whether to be placed at
bottom or at top.
10. Shear Reinforcement
Not provided

Shear strength = k c ; k as per CL 40.2.1.1

and c from Table 19

if v > k c Increase depth

11. Design basis
Slabs are designed as beams, considering
1M width of slab as representative design
strip.
Example 1 – One way Simply Supported Slab

Design a simply supported RCC slab for a roof

of a hall 4m x10m (clear dimensions) with 230
mm thick wall all round. LL = 4kN/m2, Floor
finish = 1 kN/m2. M20 and Fe 415

230 mm
1m

4m
10m
Design Strip

PLAN
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are simply supported and

Ly/ Lx = 10/4 = 2.5 > 2
Designed as ONE WAY simply supported slab

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 25 ; d = 4000/25 = 160mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 160 + 20 + 5 = 185 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.185 x25 = 4.625

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 4.0

TL = 9.625

Factored Load = 1.5 x 9.625 = 14.44 kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)

Leff = Min( 4 + 0.23 ; 4+ 0.16)

= 4.16 m
Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment
Consider 1m width of slab as design strip
b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 14.44 kN/m

Mu = 14.44 x4.162/8 = 31.24 kNm per m width

ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)

= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x160 2 x20/106

=70.63 kNm per m width > Mu Depth OK

iii) Compute Ast G- 1.1 (b)

31.24x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx160[1- {Astx415/(1000x160x20)}]

31.24x106 = 57768 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast = 586 mm2 per m width
iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x185 = 222 mm2 per m width

< Ast, required
Provide Ast = 586 mm2 per m width

v) Rebar Details
Spacing of #10 dia bars = 1000 x Ab/Ast
= 1000 x 78.54/586 = 134 mm
vi) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)

< Min( 3 x160 = 480; 300) = 300 mm > 134 mm

Provide # 10 @ 130 mm c/c as Main reinforcement at

bottom of slab;

Ast,provided = 1000 x 78.54/130 = 604 mm2 per m width

Step 6: Limit State of Collapse – Shear
i) Compute Nominal Shear Stress
Max. SF Vu = 14.44 x 4.16/2 = 30.04 kN

v = Vu/(bd) = 30.04x10 /(1000x160)

3

= 0.19MPa
ii) Compute Shear Strength of Concrete
pt = 100 x 604/(1000 x 160) = 0.38%
Assume full steel is provided at support also

c = 0.42MPa (Table 19)

k = 1.225 CL. 40.2.1.1
k c = 0.51MPa > v OK
Step 7: Distribution reinforcement
Ast,min = 222 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/222 = 226 mm
Max. spacing = Min(5d = 800; 450mm) = 450mm > 226
Provide #8@220 mm c/c

Step 8: Check L/d ratio

For pt = 0.38%, Fig4, kt =1.375
L/d, permissible = 20 x1.375 = 27.5
L/d, actual = 4160/160= 26 < 27.5 OK
 Rebar Arrangement
Option 1:

Straight Bars with Hooks at alternate ends

 #8 @ 220
Distribution
#10 @ 260 (T) At Bottom #8 @ 220
Distribution
At Top
Slab
Bottom

#10 @ 130 (B)

 A

#8@200
Main - #10 @ 130 (B)

0.1Lx #10@260 A
PLAN
185

#10@130
#8@200 Section A A
4000
Option 2:

Alternate Bent-up bars

Generally adopted if spacing of main bars is

less than 150mm, so that after bending
spacing is not more than 300 mm
 #8 @ 220
Distribution
#10 @ 260 (T) At Bottom #8 @ 220
Distribution
At Top
Slab
Bottom

#10 @ 130 (B)

 A

#8@200
Main - #10 @ 130 (B)

0.1 Lx

0.1Lx #10@260 A
PLAN
185

#10@130
#8@200 Section A A
4000
Design of One Way Continuous Slab CL 22.5

Ly

Lx
I. Slab Panels are supported on intermediate walls or beams
II. Ly/Lx > 2
III. Loading is UDL
IV. Three or More Spans
V. Spans do not differ by more than 15% of longest
VI. Table 12 and 13 can be used to compute moment and shear
Moment And Shear Coefficients (Table 12 and 13)
Two Load cases are given
DL + LL(FIXED)
LL (Not Fixed)

Mu = coefficient () x (wu xLx) x Lx=  wuLx2

Vu = coefficient () x wu x Lx =  wuLx
 End Span Intermediate Span

Lx

Hog Hog Hog Hog

Ly
Sag Sag Sag Sag Sag

Interior Support

Support Next to end support

+ve values for  ,indicate sagging moments in middle of Span

region. Rebars are placed at bottom

-ve values for  ,indicate Hogging moments over Supports.

Rebars are placed at top
Example 2 – One way Continuous slab
Design a Floor slab for an office building (14m x 8m)
measured to the centre of supports of width 230 mm.
Beams are spaced 3.5m c/c. LL = 3 kN/m2, Floor
Finish = 1kN/m2.M20, Fe415
230 mm

3.5m

14m 8m
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are supported and one or two edges

is continuous
Ly/ Lx = 8/3.5 = 2.29 > 2
Designed as ONE WAY continuous slab

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 32 ; d = 3500/32 = 110mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 110 + 20 + 5 = 135 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.135 x25 = 3.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 3.0

TL = 7.375

Factored Load = 1.5 x 7.375 = 11.06kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)

Leff = 3.5 m (assumed)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment
Consider 1m width of slab as design strip
b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 11.06 kN/m
Assume DL+LL as Fixed
Using Moment Coefficients of Table 12, Mu at different
locations are computed
Span Moments (Sagging)
i) End Span = (1/12) x 11.06 x 3.52 = +11.29kNm
ii) Interior span = (1/16) x 11.06 x 3.52 = +8.47kNm
Support Moments (Hogging)
iii) At support next to end support :
= -(1/10) x 11.06 x 3.52 = -13.55kNm
iv) At Interior supports :
= -(1/12) x11.06 x 3.52 = -11.29kNm

Design Moments Mu ( Select greater of the two values)

Mu (+) = 11.29 kNm ; Mu(-) = 13.55 kNm

ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)
= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x1102 x20/106
=33.4 kNm per m width > Design moments
Depth OK
iii) Compute Ast G- 1.1 (b)
1) In Span Region: Mu = 11.29 kNm

11.29x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx110[1- {Astx415/(1000x110x20)}]

11.29x106 = 39715.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast = 301 mm2 per m width at bottom

2) Over Supports: Mu = 13.55 kNm

Ast = 367 mm2 per m width at Top
iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x135 = 162 mm2 per m width

< Ast, required

v) Rebar Details : Spacing of #10 dia bars

Span Region
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/301 = 260 mm

Support Region
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/367 = 214 mm

vi) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)

< Min( 3 x110 = 330; 300) = 300 mm > computed spacing

Provide

# 10 @ 250 mm c/c as Main reinforcement

at bottom of slab
and
# 10 @ 200 mm c/c as Main reinforcement
at top of slab over all supports except at
ends
Step 6: Limit State of Collapse – Shear
i) Compute Nominal Shear Stress
Max. SF Vu = 0.6x11.06 x 3.5 = 23.22 kN

v = Vu/(bd) = 23.22 x10 /(1000x110)

3

= 0.21MPa
ii) Compute Shear Strength of Concrete
pt = 100 x 301/(1000 x 110) = 0.27%
Assume full steel is provided at support also

c = 0.36MPa (Table 19)

k = 1.3 CL. 40.2.1.1
k c = 0.47MPa > v OK
Step 7: Distribution reinforcement
Ast = Ast,min = 162 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/162 = 310 mm
Max. spacing = Min(<5d = 550; 450mm) = 450mm > 310
Provide #8@300 mm c/c

Step 8: Check L/d ratio

For pt = 0.27%, Fig4, kt =1.5
L/d, permissible = 26 x1.5 = 39
L/d, actual = 3500/110= 31.8 < 39 OK
 0.3Lx >= 0.15Lx or Ld

A A

#10@00 ( T )
0.1Lx #8@300
#10@250 (B)

#10@250 (B)
LAP: Ld

PLAN

Chairs #10 @ 200

135

#10 @ 250 #8@300 #10 @ 250

Section A A
Case 2: LL (Not Fixed)
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.135 x25 = 3.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
DL = 4.375
LL = 3.0

Factored Loads
DL = 1.5 x 4.375 = 6.56kN/m2
LL = 1.5 x 3 = 4.5 kN/m2
Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)

Leff = 3.5 m (assumed)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment
Consider 1m width of slab as design strip
b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip
DL= 6.56 kN/m; LL = 4.5 kN/m
Assume DL+LL as Not Fixed
Using Moment Coefficients of Table 12, Mu at different
locations are computed

Span Moments (Sagging)

i)End Span = (1/12) x 6.56 x 3.52 + (1/10) x4.5 x3.52
= +12.21 kNm per m width
ii) Interior span = (1/16) x 6.56 x 3.52 + (1/12) x4.5 x3.52
= +9.62kNm per m width
Support Moments (Hogging)
iii) At support next to end support :
=- (1/10) x 6.56 x 3.52 - (1/9) x4.5 x3.52
= -14.16kNm per m width
iv) At Interior supports :
= - (1/12) x 6.56 x 3.52 - (1/9) x4.5 x3.52
= -12.82kNm per m width
Design Moments Mu ( Select greater of the two
values)

Mu (+) = 12.21 kNm ; Mu(-) = 14.16 kNm

Two way Simply Supported slab: CL D-2
All edges simply supported
Ly/Lx <2
Corners are free to lift
Ly

Lx
Example 3 – Two way Simply Supported slab: CL D-2
Design a Floor slab 7 x 5 m ,clear dimensions supported all
four sides by 230 mm thick walls. Slab is subjected to LL =
4kN/m2, Floor Finish = 1kN/m2. M20, Fe415

230 walls

5m
7m
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are supported and

Ly/ Lx = 7.23/5.23 = 1.38 < 2
Designed as TWO WAY simply supported slab

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 35 ; d = 5230 / 35 = 150mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 150 + 20 + 5 = 175 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.175 x25 = 4.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 4.0

TL = 9.375

Factored Load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)
Leff = Min(5.23,5.15) m
However Adopt Leff = 5.23m (Conservative design)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment

Consider 1m width of slab as design strip

b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 14.06 kN/m
Moment Coefficients (Table 27)
x = 0.093 + [(0.099-0.093)x0.08/0.1] = 0.0978
y = 0.055-[(0.055-0.051)x0.08/0.1] =0.0518
Lx = Leff
Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.0978 x 14.06 x 5.232=37.61kNm
Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.0518 x 14.06 x 5.232=19.92 kNm
ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)
= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x1502 x20/106
=62.08 kNm per m width > Mux, Muy
Depth OK
iii) Compute Ast G- 1.1 (b)
1) Along Short Span Mux = 37.61 kNm

37.61x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx150[1- {Astx415/(1000x150x20)}]

37.61x106 = 54157.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast,x = 779 mm2 per m width ; at bottom; placed along short
span first

2) Along Long Span: Mu=19.92 kNm, d = 150-10 = 140mm

Ast,y = 420 mm2 per m width; at bottom along long span,
placed above short span bars
iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x175 = 210 mm2 per m width

< Ast,x,Ast,y required

v) Rebar Details : Spacing of #10 dia bars

Short Span
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/779 = 100 mm

Long Span
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/420 = 187 mm

vi) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)

< Min( 3 x140 = 420; 300) = 300 mm > computed spacing

Provide

# 10 @ 100 mm c/c as Main reinforcement

at bottom of slab along short span placed
first
and

# 10 @ 180 mm c/c as Main reinforcement

at bottom of slab along long span above
short span bars
Step 6: Limit State of Collapse – Shear
i) Compute Nominal Shear Stress
Max. SF Vu = 0.5x14.06 x 5 = 35.15 kN

v = Vu/(bd) = 35.15 x10 /(1000x150)

3

= 0.234MPa
ii) Compute Shear Strength of Concrete
pt = 100 x 779/(1000 x 150) = 0.52%
Assume 50% steel is provided at supports pt = 0.26%

c = 0.36MPa (Table 19)

k = 1.25 CL. 40.2.1.1
k c = 0.45MPa > v OK
Step 7: Distribution reinforcement
Ast = Ast,min = 210 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/210= 239 mm
Max. spacing = Min(<5d = 750; 450mm) = 450mm

Provide #8@230 mm c/c at top

Step 8: Check L/d ratio

For pt = 0.52%, Fig4, kt =1.18
L/d, permissible = 35 x1.18 = 41
L/d, actual = 5230/150= 34.86 < 41 OK
 #10@180 (B)
#10@ 100
(B)

Slab Bottom

#10@ 200
(B)
 Note:

#10 @ 100 (B)*

1. Along Short span as
spacing < 150 mm,
0.1 Lx alternate bars can be cut
0.1 Lx off at 0.1 Lx (CL D-2.1.1)
as spacing at bottom near
supports < 300 mm.

#10 @ 180 (B)

2. Along long Span as
spacing is > 150 mm, all
bars are continued to
support.
0.1 Ly

3. Hooks are provided at

ends to take care of any
–ve moments over
* bars are placed first supports
 #10 @ 100 (B)*
0.1 Lx
0.1 Lx

#10 @ 180 (B)

0.1 Ly

* bars are placed first

Two way Restrained slabs: CL D - 1

Ly/Lx <2
Corners are held down (prevented from lifting)
Maximum Bending Moment is computed as per CL D – 1 - 1
 7

4 1 3 8

4 2 4 9
Example 4 – Two way Restrained slab: CL D-1
Design a Floor slab 7 x 5 m ,clear dimensions supported all
four sides by 230 mm wide beams. Slab is subjected to LL =
4kN/m2, Floor Finish = 1kN/m2. M20, Fe415. Corners are held
down

230 wide
beams
5m
7m
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are supported

Ly/ Lx = 7.23/5.23 = 1.38 < 2
Corners held down, Four edges discontinuous
Designed as TWO WAY restrained slab, Type 9

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 35 ; d = 5230 / 35 = 150mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 150 + 20 + 5 = 175 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.175 x25 = 4.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 4.0

TL = 9.375

Factored Load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)
Leff = Min(5.23,5.15) m
However Adopt Leff = 5.23m (Conservative design)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment

Consider 1m width of slab as design strip

b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 14.06 kN/m
Moment Coefficients (Table 26)
x = 0.079 + [(0.085-0.079)x0.08/0.1] = 0.084
y = 0.056
Lx = Leff
Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.084 x 14.06 x 5.232=32.3kNm
Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.056 x 14.06 x 5.232=21.54 kNm
ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)
= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x1502 x20/106
=62.08 kNm per m width > Mux, Muy
Depth OK
iii) Compute Ast (Middle Strip) G- 1.1 (b)
1) Along Short Span Mux = 32.3kNm

32.3x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx150[1- {Astx415/(1000x150x20)}]

32.3x106 = 54157.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast,x = 656 mm2 per m width ; at bottom; placed along short
span first

2) Along Long Span: Mu=21.54 kNm, d = 150-10 = 140mm

Ast,y = 457 mm2 per m width; at bottom along long span,
placed above short span bars
iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x175 = 210 mm2 per m width

< Ast,x,Ast,y required

v) Rebar Details : Spacing of #10 dia bars (Middle Strip)

Short Span
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/656= 119 mm

Long Span
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 78.54/457 = 171 mm

vi) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)

< Min( 3 x140 = 420; 300) = 300 mm > computed spacing

Provide in Middle Strip

# 10 @ 100 mm c/c as Main reinforcement

at bottom of slab along short span placed first
and
# 10 @ 150 mm c/c as Main reinforcement at bottom of
slab along long span above short span bars

In Edge strip
Ast = Ast,min = 210 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/210= 239 mm
Max. spacing = Min(<5d = 750; 450mm) =
450mm
Provide #8@230 mm c/c at bottom
Torsion (Corner) Reinforcement : CL D- 1.8

Ast = (3/4) x 656 = 492 mm2

Spacing of #10 bars = 1000 x 78.54/492= 159 mm

Adopt #10@150 mm c/c

Provided at Top and Bottom in both directions at all

corners, in the form of U - bars, for a distance of
(Lx/5) in both directions.
Step 6: Limit State of Collapse – Shear
i) Compute Nominal Shear Stress
Max. SF Vu = 0.5x14.06 x 5 = 35.15 kN

v = Vu/(bd) = 35.15 x10 /(1000x150)

3

= 0.234MPa
ii) Compute Shear Strength of Concrete
pt = 100 x 779/(1000 x 150) = 0.52%
Assume 50% steel is provided at supports pt = 0.26%

c = 0.36MPa (Table 19)

k = 1.25 CL. 40.2.1.1
k c = 0.45MPa > v OK
 0.15Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

#10 @ 100 (B)*

0.15Ly 0.15Ly

(3/4)Lx

#10 @150(B)
(MIDDLE)

#8@230(B)

0.15Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

Ly/8 (3/4)Ly Ly/8

 Lx/5

Lx/5 #10@150 (T&B)

Example 5 – Two way Restrained slab: CL D-1
Design a Floor slab 7 x 5 m ,clear dimensions continuous on
all four sides over 230 mm wide beams. Slab is subjected to
LL = 4kN/m2, Floor Finish = 1kN/m2. M20, Fe415.

230 wide
beams
5m
7m
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are supported and continuous

Ly/ Lx = 7.23/5.23 = 1.4 < 2
Designed as TWO WAY restrained slab, Type 1
(Interior Panel)

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 35 ; d = 5230 / 35 = 150mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 150 + 20 + 5 = 175 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.175 x25 = 4.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 4.0

TL = 9.375

Factored Load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)
Leff = Min(5.23,5.15) m
However Adopt Leff = 5.23m (Conservative design)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment

Consider 1m width of slab as design strip

b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 14.06 kN/m
Moment Coefficients (Table 26)
a) Negative moments at Continuous edge
x = 0.051, y = 0.032
Lx = Leff

Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.051 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 19.62 kNm per m width

Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.032 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 12.3 kNm per m width
b) Positive moments at Mid Span
x = 0.039, y = 0.024

Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.039 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 15 kNm per m width

Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.024 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 9.3 kNm per m width
ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)
= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x1502 x20/106
=62.08 kNm per m width > Mux, Muy
Depth OK
iii) Compute Ast (Middle Strip) G- 1.1 (b)
1) Along Short Span Mux = 15 kNm

15x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx150[1- {Astx415/(1000x150x20)}]

15 x106 = 54157.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast,x = 290 mm2 per m width ; at bottom; placed along short
span first

2) Along Long Span: Mu=9.3 kNm, d = 150-10 = 140mm

Ast,y = 189 mm2 per m width; at bottom along long span,
placed above short span bars
3) Along Short span continuous edge Mux = 19.62 kNm

Ast,x = 383 mm2 per m width ; at top

4) Along Long Span continuous edge: Mu=12.3 kNm, d =150

Ast,y = 235 mm2 per m width; at top

iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x175 = 210 mm2 per m width

v) Rebar Details : (Middle Strip) Assume #8 dia bars
AT BOTTOM For Positive Moments
Short Span; Astx = 290 > 210;Astx = 290 mm2
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 50.27/290= 170 (150mm)

Long Span; Asty = 189 < 210; Asty = 210 mm2

S= 1000 x 50.27/210 = 230 mm

vi) Rebar Details over continuous edges

AT TOP for Negative Moments
Short Span; Astx = 383 > 210;Astx = 383 mm2
S= 1000 x 50.27/383= 130 mm (125)

Long Span; Asty = 235 > 210; Asty = 235 mm2

S= 1000 x 50.27/235 = 210 mm (200)
vii) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)
< Min( 3 x140 = 420; 300) = 300 mm
> computed spacing
viii) In Edge strip
Ast = Ast,min = 210 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/210= 239 mm
Max. spacing = Min(<5d = 750; 450mm) =
450mm
Provide #8@230 mm c/c at bottom
ix)Torsion (Corner) Reinforcement : CL D- 1.10

Not necessary as all the corners are continuous

Ly/8 (3/4)Ly Ly/8

0.25Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

#8@ 150 (B)*

(3/4)Lx

#8 @230(B)
(MIDDLE)

#8@230(B)

0.25Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

Bottom Plan
CL D-1.5

#8@ 125 (T)

#8@ 200 (T) 0.3Ly 0.15Ly >= Ld

0.3Lx

TOP PLAN Distribution bars at top not

shown; provide # 8 @ 230
Example 6 – Two way Restrained slab: CL D-1
Design a Floor slab 7 x 5 m ,clear dimensions supported over
230 mm wide beams with two adjacent edges discontinuous.
Slab is subjected to LL = 4kN/m2, Floor Finish = 1kN/m2. M20,
Fe415.

230 wide
beams
5m
7m
Step 1: Slab Type

All Four edges are supported and continuous

Ly/ Lx = 7.23/5.23 = 1.4 < 2
Designed as TWO WAY restrained slab, Type 4

Step 2: Trial Depth

Assume L/d = 35 ; d = 5230 / 35 = 150mm

Assume clear cover = 20mm, Dia of main bar = #10
D = 150 + 20 + 5 = 175 mm
Step 3: Loads on Slab (kN/m2)

Self weight = 0.175 x25 = 4.375

Floor Finish = 1.0
LL = 4.0

TL = 9.375

Factored Load = 1.5 x 9.375 = 14.06kN/m2

Step 4: Effective Span CL 22.2 (a)
Leff = Min(5.23,5.15) m
However Adopt Leff = 5.23m (Conservative design)

Step 5: Limit State of Collapse – Flexure

i) Factored Moment

Consider 1m width of slab as design strip

b= 1000mm
Load per m length of design strip = 14.06 kN/m
Moment Coefficients (Table 26)
a) Negative moments at Continuous edge
x = 0.071, y = 0.047
Lx = Leff

Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.071 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 27.3 kNm per m width

Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.047 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 18.1 kNm per m width
b) Positive moments at Mid Span
x = 0.053, y = 0.035

Mux = x wu Leff2 = 0.053 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 20.4 kNm per m width

Muy = y wu Leff2 = 0.035 x 14.06 x 5.232

= 13.5 kNm per m width
ii) Compute Mu,lim G- 1.1 (c)
= 0.36 x0.48 x (1 – 0.42 x0.48)x1000 x1502 x20/106
=62.08 kNm per m width > Mux, Muy
Depth OK
iii) Compute Ast (Middle Strip) G- 1.1 (b)
1) Along Short Span Mux = 20.4 kNm

20.4x106 = 0.87 x415xAstx150[1- {Astx415/(1000x150x20)}]

20.4 x106 = 54157.5 Ast – 7.49 Ast2
Ast,x = 400 mm2 per m width ; at bottom; placed along short
span first

2) Along Long Span: Mu=13.5kNm, d = 150-10 = 140mm

Ast,y = 280 mm2 per m width; at bottom along long span,
placed above short span bars
3) Along Short span continuous edge Mux = 27.3 kNm,d=150

Ast,x = 546 mm2 per m width ; at top

4) Along Long Span continuous edge: Mu=18.1 kNm, d =150

Ast,y = 352 mm2 per m width; at top

iv) Compute Ast,min CL 26.5.2.1

Ast,min = (0.12/100)x1000x175 = 210 mm2 per m width

v) Rebar Details : (Middle Strip) Assume #8 dia bars
AT BOTTOM For Positive Moments
Short Span; Astx = 400 > 210;Astx = 400 mm2
S= 1000 x Ab/Ast =1000 x 50 /400 = 125

Long Span; Asty = 280 > 210; Asty = 280 mm2

S= 1000 x 50/280 = 175 (150)

vi) Rebar Details over continuous edges

AT TOP for Negative Moments , Assume #10 bars
Short Span; Astx = 546 > 210;Astx = 546 mm2
S= 143 mm (125)

Long Span; Asty = 352 > 210; Asty = 352 mm2

S= 223 mm (200)
vii) Max. Spacing CL 26.3.3 (b)
< Min( 3 x140 = 420; 300) = 300 mm
> computed spacing
viii) In Edge strip
Ast = Ast,min = 210 mm2 per m width
Assume #8 bars
Spacing = 1000x50.27/210= 239 mm
Max. spacing = Min(<5d = 750; 450mm) =
450mm
Provide #8@230 mm c/c at bottom
ix)Torsion (Corner) Reinforcement : CL D- 1.8, D -1.9,
D-1.10

AT C1
C4 C1
NO Torsion reinforcement as
it is contained by edges over
both of which slab is
C3 C2
continuous (CL D – 1.10)

AT C2 and C4

Provide Torsion reinforcement as it is contained by

edges over one of which slab is continuous
(CL D – 1.9)
Ast = (3/8) x 400 = 150 mm2

Provide #8 @ 300 mm c/c at Top and bottom in both

directions over a length of (Lx/5) – U bars

AT C3

Provide Torsion reinforcement as it is contained by

edges over both of which slab is discontinuous
(CL D – 1.8)

Ast = (3/4) x 400 = 300 mm2

Provide #8 @ 150 mm c/c at Top and bottom in both

directions over a length of (Lx/5) – U bars
Ly/8 (3/4)Ly Ly/8

0.25Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

#8@ 125 (B)*

0.15Ly 0.25Ly

(3/4)Lx

#8 @150(B)
(MIDDLE)

#8@230(B)

0.15Lx Lx/8 (EDGE)

Bottom Plan
CL D-1.5

#10@ 125 (T)

#10@200 (T)
TOP PLAN Distribution bars at top not
shown; provide # 8 @ 230
 Lx/5
#8 @300 (T&B)

Lx/5
U Bars
#8 @300 (T&B)

#8 @150 (T&B)