TECHNOLOGY

INVOLVED IN
WATER
PURIFICATION
 Objectives

Introduction

LIST OF Types of technology

CONTENTS
Conclusion

References
 • To know abt the different types of water
purification techniques and the technology behind
OBJECTIVE it
INTRODUCTION…..

360,000 PEOPLE DIE EACH YEAR FR OVER THE YEARS, SIMPLIFIED WATER FILTER TECHNOLOGY AND THESE WATER TREATMENT
OM WATER-RELATED DISEASES WATER TREATMENT HAS BECOME WATER PURIFIER TECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES MIGHT DIFFER IN
. THIS IS BECAUSE NOT EVERY AVAILABLE TO OUR HOMES. THIS IS ALSO HAVE DIFFERENT TYPES. THE PROCESSES BUT THEY SERVE THE
HOUSEHOLD HAS ACCESS TO SO WE HAVE OUR OWN WATER PROCESS OF CHOOSING WHICH SAME PURPOSE—TO MAKE WATER
AFFORDABLE WATER TREATMENT PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES TO WATER TREATMENT TO USE CAN BE POTABLE.
TECHNOLOGIES.  PROTECT OUR FAMILIES. WE WILL TIRING. THE FIRST STEP IS TO
SEE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER RESEARCH, COMPARE, WEIGH, AND
TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, EACH THEN CHOOSE. THIS IS ABOUT
HAVING ITS OWN ADVANTAGES WHAT YOU’RE PUTTING IN YOUR
AND DISADVANTAGES. BODY, AFTER ALL.
Different technologies existinig

RO PURIFICATION UV PURIFICATION UF PURIFICATION CANDLE FILTER ACTIVATED CARBON LIFE STRAWS

PURIFICATION TECHNIQUE

PHOTOCATALYTIC TATA SWACH……

WATER
PURIFICATION
 • Reverse osmosis is the most widely used water purification method.
• RO uses membrane technology to remove dissolved salts, impurities and
germs from water.
• The semipermeable membrane separates germs and dissolved chemicals
from water.
• The membrane has very fine pores that allows only water to pass through
it leaving behind all the harmful chemical, dissolved salts and microbes
RO- suspended in water (size of RO membrane pore is approximately .0005
micron which is slightly larger than the size of water molecule).

Purification • RO technology is advisable in the areas where the quality of water is hard
and high in TDS.
• Drawbacks
• The drawback of RO is that it alters the taste of water and may remove
some essential mineral from water.
• There are certain brands of RO which claim to retain the essential
minerals in water.
• The semipermeable membrane require regular care and maintenance.
 UV-Purification
• UV water purification is a method of water filtration which uses ultra-violet light to kill all germs, bacteria, microbes, cysts, etc. in water.
•  Ultraviolet water purification is a simple but effective process that destroys around 99.99% of the harmful organisms in water.
• There is a tiny mercury lamp inside the purifier that produces short wave UV radiations.
•  These radiations irradiate the water and penetrate the cells of bacteria and viruses, destroying their ability to reproduce.
• The microbes and organisms fail to multiply and eventually die.
• This purification method only kills the germs but the bodies of the dead germs remain in the water.
• Separate filters are required to remove the germs physically.
•  UV water purification is usually done in conjunction with other forms of filtration such as reverse osmosis or activated carbon filters.

• Drawbacks
• A UV water purifier is not made for treating dirty or muddy water
• The dead bodies of microorganisms still remain in the water making it unfit for drinking. 
• Any form of dissolved impurities like pesticides, fluorides etc are not treated by the UV water purifier system. 
• These water purifiers run solely on electricity. 
• Since UV lights are invisible, the working of this purifier system is not visible to the naked eye. It is impossible for the users to know when the
purifier stops working and, as a result, you may end up consuming impure and untreated water.
 • UF (Ultra filtration) purification method uses membrane similar to RO membranes but with
bigger pores.
• UF membranes essentially removes all colloidal particles including most pathogenic
organisms and turbidity but fails to remove the dissolved solids and salts.
• Unlike UV purifier, UF water purifier physically removes all the germs and bacteria from the
water.
• Ultra-filtration water purifiers are as good as RO water purifiers when the water supplied to
homes is not very hard. RO is only required when the water has too much TDS and
hardness.
• The Ultrafiltration purifiers can even clean the Muddy or Turbid water and removes all the

UF- Germs, Cysts, Turbidity and Dirt from the water which is not possible in the UV water
purifier.

Purification
• The Ultrafiltration Purifiers will never fail, and they do not give you impure water. Since the
Membranes of the UF Water purifiers are very sturdy, they will not crack and let the
contaminated water.

• Drawbacks
• The Only problem with the UF water purifier is, It cannot remove the Dissolved salts present
in the water.
• As I mentioned previously, only the RO Water Purifiers are capable of removing the Heavy
Metals and Dissolved salts from the water.
• If you are Worried and not sure about the TDS Levels, then you should Opt for an RO Water
Purifier.
Candle Filter Purification
• Ceramic candle filters are simple devices made out of clay and used to filter drinking water
in order to removes turbidity, suspended materials and pathogens.
• Water is poured into the upper of two container and flows through a candle situated in the
bottom. Once the water has passed through the candle, it is collected in the lower container.
• This system both treats the water and provides safe storage until it is used. The filters are
easy to assemble and no energy is required.
• Maintenance includes frequent scrubbing with a brush and proper care during transport
and its use
• Cheap, simple and easy to use and clean

• Drawbacks
• Does not remove all the pathogens
• Does not remove chemical contaminants and colour
• Low flow rate
• Ceramic candle and clay container is not easy to transport due to its fragility and heavy
weight
 Activated Carbon Technique
Activated carbon filtration is a commonly used technology based on the adsorption of
contaminants onto the surface of a filter.

This method is effective in removing certain organics (such as unwanted taste and odours,
micropollutants), chlorine, fluorine or radon from drinking water or wastewater.

However, it is not effective for microbial contaminants, metals, nitrates and other
inorganic contaminants.

The adsorption efficiency depends on the nature of activated carbon used, the water
composition, and operating parameters.

There are many types of activated carbon filters that can be designed for household,
community and industry requirements.

Activated carbon filters are relatively easy to install but require energy and skilled labour
and can have high costs due to regular replacement of the filter material.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Easy to install and maintain • Filter has to be replaced regularly
• Can be used at the point-of-entry (semi-centralised drinking • Skilled labour required, at least occasionally
water treatment plants, wastewater treatment plants) or at the
point-of-use (household/community filters) • Water analysis is required to choose the most adapted type of
activated carbon
• Efficient to remove certain organics, chlorine, radon
• Contaminants are separated from water but not destroyed
• Based on materials available everywhere
Life Straws
• The LifeStraw is a water filter designed to be used by one person to filter water for drinking.
• It filters a maximum of 4000 litres of water, enough for one person for three years.
• It removes almost all of waterborne bacteria and parasites
• The LifeStraw is now used as a tool for survivalists and packed in emergency preparedness kits in addition to being used to help
combat clean water scarcity worldwide.
• The LifeStraw is a plastic tube 22 cm long and 3 cm in diameter.
• Water that is drawn up through the straw first passes through hollow fibres that filter water particles down to 0.2 µm across,
using only physical filtration methods and no chemicals.
• The entire process is powered by suction, similar to using a conventional drinking straw, and filters up to 4000 litres of water.
• Its inexpensive and light and easy to transport
• Drawbacks
• Must drink directly from the source, so its not useful for transporting clean water
• Does not remove viruses and is not recommended for some less developed countries
A few other techniques
used are-
• Photocatalytic water purification
• Sun spring system
• Euglena biofilteration
• Acoustics nanotube technology
Conclusion

• As we know water is an essential part of life its recommended to at least do the basic purification or filtration before consumption.
• Those were a few water purification methods which we saw earlier
• Other than that we can follow some basic method like boiling the water if we don’t have access to any of the previously mentioned
techniques .
• It is important to make people aware of the health hazards if impure water is consumed .
References
• http://all-about-water-filters.com/great-water-filter-technology-advancements-you-need-to-know-about-today/
• http://www.healthzonero.com/2015/11/20/top-10-reasons-for-not-using-uv-water-purifiers/
• https://crystalquest.com/pages/what-is-ultrafiltration
• https://www.kitchenarena.in/ultrafiltration-advantages/
• https://sswm.info/sswm-university-course/module-6-disaster-situations-planning-and-preparedness/further-resou
rces-0/ceramic-candle-filter-
• https://www.mrright.in/ideas/appliances/small-appliances/ro/5-types-of-advanced-water-purification-technologie
s/
• http://www.thisboundlessworld.com/gear-review-pros-and-cons-of-the-lifestraw-water-filtration-system
• https://news.panasonic.com/global/stories/2014/30520.html
• https://www.nap.edu/read/9595/chapter/13#240
 THANK YOU
Water is Life and Clean Water means
Health