ELEC8630: Wireless

Communication Systems
Introduction to the course
Instructor: Dr. E. Abdel-Raheem
Instructor information

Name: Dr. Esam Abdel-Raheem

Full Professor, ECE Dept.
B.Sc. 1984 (ASU, Cairo) , M.Sc. 1989 (ASU, Cairo), Ph.D.
1995 (Victoria, BC, Canada)
Office: CEI 3047
Office Hours: By Appointment over MS Teams
Office Phone Number: 519-253-3000 x 4795 (Please use
email)
Email: eraheem@uwindsor.ca
Website: http://www1.uwindsor.ca/engineering/electrical/dr-
esam-abdel-raheem
 Course References
• T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Principles and
Practice, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall 2002.
• D. Tse, and P. Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless
Communication , Cambridge, 2005.
• A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge, 2005.
• A.F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, Wiley, 2010.
• S. Haykin, and M. Moher, Modern Wireless Communications,
Prentice Hall, 2005.
• G. L. Stüber, Principles of Mobile Communication, 4/e, Springer,
2017.
• R.L. Haupt, Wireless Systems: An Introduction, IEEE Press/Wiley,
2020.
 Course Syllabus
• Introduction to Cellular System
• The Cellular Concept (Frequency Reuse – Handoff Strategies – Interference
and System Capacity – Trunking and Grade of Service – Cell Splitting and
Sectoring)
• Wireless Channel : Large Scale Path Loss (Radio Wave Propagation – Reflection
– Diffraction – Link Budget – Propagation Models), Small-Scale Fading &
Multipath (Doppler Shift – Multipath Channel – Small-Scale Fading – Rayleigh
and Ricean Distributions – Statistical Models for Multipath Fading Channels)
• Digital Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio (Baseband and passband
transmission techniques, spread spectrum )
• Equalization
• Diversity Techniques
• Multiple Access Techniques (FDMA, TDMA, CDMA, SDMA)
• Other Topics: Channel Coding, OFDM, Wireless Networks)*
* Considered partially or all based on time
 Evaluation Method
• Mid-Term Exam (20%) – TBD (Lect. Time)
• Final-Term Exam (40%) – TBD
• Assignments (10%) – one week after the due date
• Research Paper/Project (30%)
• Research paper should be prepared using IEEE Journal/Conf. style.
• Research paper should tackle a survey on an emergent topic in Wireless
Communications.
• Groups of 4 students will be sharing the work on the assignments and the research
paper/project, provided, they will identify their individual contributions and all
students in a group should be accountable to all the material in the group work.
• Research paper/project should not be shorter than 10 pages in IEEE journal format
and should be very carefully addressing the selected topic.
• Research papers/projects will be subject to Plagiarism check using available
software packages.
• Plagiarism is defined as verbatim copying from available literature, or copying from
your colleague. Similarity rate is an outcome of the check and should be kept
under 30%.
• The due date for 1 page proposal for the Research paper is Feb. 25 th, 2022.
(approximately 5 hours of work) The research paper/project due date is April 8th,
• Assignments due date is the following week on Wednesday at 4:00
pm and failing to do so will result in a null mark.
• Up to 4 students can collaborate and turn in one assignment writeup.
• Collaboration means all collaborators work out all problems together
and share the responsibility.
• Unpermitted collaboration or aid (e.g. using solution manuals or
solutions from prior years) is an honor code violation and will be
dealt with strictly.
 Radio Systems
• From Merriam-Webster Dictionary
• – Radio:
• 1 : of, relating to, or operated by radiant energy
•2 : of or relating to electric currents or
phenomena (as electromagnetic radiation ) of
frequencies between about 15 kHz and 100 GHz
• – System:
•1 : a regularly interacting or interdependent
group of items forming a unified whole
• • ”Radio systems” can be used for many purposes,
e.g.
• – Detection and ranging (Radar)
• – Astronomical observation (Radio telescope)
• – Heating food (Microwave oven)
• – Navigation (GPS, etc.)
• – Communication (Cellular telephony, etc.)
 Questions to ask
What do we want to achieve with our system?
– This gives us design constraints (system requirements)
 
 
 

• What frequency band should we use?

– Properties of the radio channel changes with frequency
– Radio spectrum is firmly regulated
 
 
 

• Which technology should we use?

– Not all technologies can perform the task
– Cost is important (design, production, deployment, etc.)
History of Wireless
 Age of Wireless
G. Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in 1896
• Communication by encoding alphanumeric characters in analog
signal –
continuous wave (CW)
• Sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean
• “It is dangerous to put limits on Wireless” - Guglielmo Marconi,
1932
• Communications satellites launched in 1960s
• Advances in wireless technology
• Radio, television, mobile telephone, communication satellites –
initially
RF based analog systems in the VHF/UHF spectrum
• More recently
• Satellite communications, wireless networking, cellular technology –
digital modulation schemes in the UHF/microwave spectrums
 History of Wireless (3)
 1880: Hertz – Initial demonstration of practical radio communication
n 1897: Marconi – Radio transmission to a tugboat over an 18 mi
path
n 1921: Detroit Police Department: -- Police car radio
dispatch (2 MHz frequency band)
n 1933: FCC (Federal Communications Commission) –
Authorized four channels in the 30 to 40 MHz range
n 1938: FCC – Ruled for regular service
n 1946: Bell Telephone Laboratories – 152 MHz (Simplex)
n 1956: FCC – 450 MHz (Simplex)
n 1959: Bell Telephone Laboratories – Suggested 32 MHz
band for high
capacity mobile radio communication
n 1964: FCC – 152 MHz (Full Duplex)
n 1964: Bell Telephone Laboratories – Active research at 800
MHz
n 1969: FCC – 450 MHz (Full Duplex)
  1981: AT&T and RCC (Radio Common Carrier) reach an agreement to
split 40 MHz spectrum into two 20 MHz bands. Band A belongs to
non-wireline operators (RCC), and Band B belongs to wireline
operators (telephone companies). Each market has two operators.
n 1982: AT&T is divested, and seven RBOCs (Regional Bell
Operating
 
Companies) are formed to manage the cellular operations
n 1982: MFJ (Modified Final Judgment) is issued by the
government DOJ.
All the operators were prohibited to (1) operate long-distance
business, (2) provide information services, and (3) do
manufacturing business

 
n 1983: Ameritech system in operation in Chicago

 
n 1984: Most RBOC markets in operation

 
n 1986: FCC allocates 5 MHz in extended band
n 1987: FCC makes lottery on the small MSA and all RSA
 
licenses
n 1988: TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) voted as a
  1993: CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) voted as another
digital cellular standard in North America
n 1994: American TDMA operable in Seattle, Washington
n 1994: PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) operable in Tokyo, Japan
n 1994: Two of six broadband PCS (Personal Communication Service)
license bands in auction
n 1995: CDMA operable in Hong Kong
n 1996: US Congress passes Telecommunication Reform Act Bill
n 1996: The auction money for six broadband PCS licensed bands (120
MHz)
almost reaches 20 billion US dollars
n 1997: Broadband CDMA considered as one of the third generation
mobile communication technologies for UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunication Systems) during the UMTS workshop conference
held in Korea
n 1999: ITU (International Telecommunication Union) decides the
next generation mobile communication systems
(e.g., W-CDMA, cdma2000, etc)
 Generations of Wireless Systems
   1G (1981) - Analog Voice (AMPS)
  
  

   2G (1991) - Digital Voice (GSM, IS-95)

  
 
3G (2000) - Internet Data (WCDMA, CDMA2000)
  
 
   4G (2008) - Broadband data (LTE, WiMax)
 
5G (2020) - ??? massive connectivity
First Generation (1G)

 They were reliant upon analog radio systems which

meant that users could only make phone calls.
 They couldn’t send or receive text messages.
 The 1G network was first introduced in Japan in 1979
before it was rolled out in other countries such as the
USA in 1980.
 In order to make it work, cell towers were built
around the country.
 The network was unreliable and had some security
issues. For instance, cell coverage would often drop,
it would experience interference by other
radio signals and due to a lack of encryption, it could
easily be hacked. This means that with a few tools,
conversations could be heard and recorded.
Second Generation (2G)

 The 1G network was not perfect, but it remained until 1991 when it was
replaced with 2G.
 This new mobile network ran on digital signal, not analog, which vastly
improved its security but also its capacity.
 On 2G, users could send Soft Message Service (SMS) and Multimedia
Message service (MMS) messages (although slowly and often without
success).
 When General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) was introduced in
1997, users could receive and send emails on the move.
Third Generation (3G)

 Third generation mobile networks are still in use today, but normally
when the superior 4G signal fails.
 3G revolutionized mobile connectivity and the capabilities of cell-
phones.
 In comparison to 2G, 3G was much faster and could transmit greater
amounts of data  video call, share files, surf the internet, watch TV
online and playing online games on mobiles for the first time.
 Under 3G, cell-phones where no longer just about calling and texting,
they were the hub of social connectivity.
Fourth Generation (4G)

 4G is five times faster than the 3G network – and can in theory provide
speeds of up to 100Mbps.
 All mobile models released from 2013 onwards should support this
network, which can offer connectivity for tablets and laptops as well as
smartphones.
 Under 4G, users can experience better latency (less buffering), higher
voice quality, easy access to instant messaging services and social media,
quality streaming and make faster downloads.
Fifth Generation (5G)

 The 5G network is yet to be released but is widely anticipated by

the mobile industry.
 Many experts claim that the network will change not just how we
use our mobiles, but how we connect our devices to the internet.
 The improved speed and capacity of the network will signal new
IoT trends, such as connected cars, smart cities and IoT in the
home and office (D2D, M2M, etc…)
 Mobile network operators claim that 5G will be available by 2020
but nothing is certain just yet.
 Types of service

Broadcast

Paging

Cordless
Phones

Cell Phones

Wireless
LAN
 Behavioral Impact of Cell Phones
Communications are now with a person, not with a location
• Allows more flexibility for private/business life, but can also
become electronic “ball and chain”
• Cellphone etiquette: generally underdeveloped
• Phoning while driving is dangerous
• Each cellphone has an OFF button (individuals are encourage
to use it!)
(The following slides are based on A. Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge, 2005)