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Derivative of Product and Quotient

The document discusses differentiation rules for products and quotients of functions. The product rule states that the derivative of a product of two functions f(x) and g(x) is the derivative of f(x) multiplied by g(x) plus the derivative of g(x) multiplied by f(x). The quotient rule gives the formula for taking the derivative of a quotient of two functions f(x)/g(x) in terms of their derivatives and the denominator squared. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules to find derivatives.

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104 views18 pages

Derivative of Product and Quotient

The document discusses differentiation rules for products and quotients of functions. The product rule states that the derivative of a product of two functions f(x) and g(x) is the derivative of f(x) multiplied by g(x) plus the derivative of g(x) multiplied by f(x). The quotient rule gives the formula for taking the derivative of a quotient of two functions f(x)/g(x) in terms of their derivatives and the denominator squared. Examples are provided to demonstrate applying these rules to find derivatives.

Uploaded by

Bretana joan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DIFFERENTIATION RULES

DIFFERENTIATION RULES

The Product and


Quotient Rules

In this section, we will learn about:


Formulas that enable us to differentiate new functions
formed from old functions by multiplication or division.
THE PRODUCT RULE

By analogy with the Sum and Difference


Rules, one might be tempted to guess—as
Leibniz did three centuries ago—that the
derivative of a product is the product of the
derivatives.

 However, we can see that this guess is wrong


by looking at a particular example.
THE PRODUCT RULE

Let f(x) = x and g(x) = x2.


 Then, the Power Rule gives f’(x) = 1 and g’(x) = 2x.

 However, (fg)(x) = x3.

 So, (fg)’(x) =3 x2.

 Thus, (fg)’ ≠ f’ g’.


THE PRODUCT RULE

The correct formula was discovered by


Leibniz (soon after his false start) and is
called the Product Rule.
THE PRODUCT RULE

Before stating the Product Rule, let’s see


how we might discover it.

We start by assuming that u = f(x) and


v = g(x) are both positive differentiable
functions.
THE PRODUCT RULE Equation 2

d dv du
(uv )  u v
dx dx dx

 Notice that ∆u → 0 as ∆x → 0 since f


is differentiable and therefore continuous.
THE PRODUCT RULE

If f and g are both differentiable, then:


d d d
 f ( x) g ( x)   f ( x)  g ( x)   g ( x)  f ( x) 
dx dx dx

In words, the Product Rule says:


 The derivative of a product of two functions is
the first function times the derivative of the second
function plus the second function times the derivative
of the first function.
THE PRODUCT RULE Example 1

a. If f(x) = xex, find f ’(x).

b. Find the nth derivative, f (n)(x)


THE PRODUCT RULE Example 1 a

By the Product Rule, we have:

d x
f '( x)  ( xe )
dx
d x x d
 x (e )  e ( x)
dx dx
x x
 xe  e  1
x
 ( x  1)e
THE PRODUCT RULE Example 1 b

Using the Product Rule again, we get:

d x
f ''( x)   ( x  1) e 
dx  
d x x d
 ( x  1) (e )  e ( x  1)
dx dx
x x
 ( x  1)e  e  1
x
 ( x  2)e
THE PRODUCT RULE Example 1 b

Further applications of the Product Rule


give:
x
f '''( x)  ( x  3)e

4 x
f ( x)  ( x  4)e
THE QUOTIENT RULE

We find a rule for differentiating the quotient


of two differentiable functions u = f(x) and
v = g(x) in much the same way that we found
the Product Rule.
THE QUOTIENT RULE

If f and g are differentiable, then:


d d
d  f ( x) 
g ( x )  f ( x )   f ( x )  g ( x ) 
 dx dx
 
dx  g ( x)   g ( x) 2 

In words, the Quotient Rule says:


 The derivative of a quotient is the denominator times
the derivative of the numerator minus the numerator
times the derivative of the denominator, all divided by
the square of the denominator.
THE QUOTIENT RULE

The Quotient Rule and the other


differentiation formulas enable us to
compute the derivative of any rational
function—as the next example illustrates.
THE QUOTIENT RULE Example 4

Let
2
x  x2
y 3
x 6
THE QUOTIENT RULE Example 4

Then,
d 2 d 3
 x  6  dx  x  x  2    x  x  2  dx  x  6 
3 2

y'
 x  6
3 2


 
x 3
 6  2 x  1   x 2
 x  2  
3 x 2

x  6
3 2


 2 x 4
 x 3
 12 x  6  
 3 x 4
 3 x 3
 6 x 2

x  6
3 2

 x 4  2 x 3  6 x 2  12 x  6

x  6
3 2

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