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English Language: As The Universal Language

This document provides an overview of English grammar and language usage. It discusses English as a universal language, defines grammar as the science of words and their relationships, and classifies words into content and function words. It also covers the classification of words into nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and more. Additionally, it discusses word order and proper usage of adjectives and adverbs in sentences. The document is meant to introduce students to key concepts in English grammar and composition.

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Ruth Magoods
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170 views18 pages

English Language: As The Universal Language

This document provides an overview of English grammar and language usage. It discusses English as a universal language, defines grammar as the science of words and their relationships, and classifies words into content and function words. It also covers the classification of words into nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and more. Additionally, it discusses word order and proper usage of adjectives and adverbs in sentences. The document is meant to introduce students to key concepts in English grammar and composition.

Uploaded by

Ruth Magoods
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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English Language

as
the Universal Language
“An introduction to the subject,
Grammar and Composition

Prepared By:
RUTH M. NARAG-MAGUDDAYAO
Instructor
English Language
The universal language
“Standard of Formal English is
the language used in public discourses.
It is characterized by the tendency to give
full treatment to all conventions and elements
required for grammatical sentences.”
What is Grammar?

“Grammar is the science which deals


with words, forms of words, word
combination, and the relationship
between words. ”.
cont. Grammar
“It is a system of rules for the use of a language or the
study of what is preferred and what is to be avoided in
effective speech and writing.”

“It tells us what words do in sentences and how they


combine to convey meaning.

“It is the use of words appropriate to a language as it is


spoken and written.”
Etymology:

Grammar comes from the


Greek word “grama” meaning “letter”
or written symbol.
WORDS
 In General
 Classification of Words
 Formal and Informal Usage
 Word Order
Classification of Words
Words may be classified into:

1. Naming words – the nouns and pronouns


2. Asserting words – the verbs
3. Modifying words – the adjectives and adverbs
4. Joining words – the conjunctions and
prepositions
5. Exclamatory words – the interjections
Other Classification of words are:
1. Abstract
9. Cliches
2. Ambiguous
10.Colloquial
3. Antonyms
11. Concrete
4. Archaic
12. Confusibles
5. Back Informations
13. Coupled synonyms
6. Back Slang
14. Euphemisms
7. Barbarisms
15. Foreign
8. Buzz Words
Cont.
16. Gobbledygooks 26. Obsolete
17. Homonyms 27. Obsolescent
18. Hypallage 28. Onomatopoeic
19. Illiteracies 29. Oxymoron
20. Improprieties 30. Palindromes
21. Janos-Faced 31. Pleonasmic
22. Jargon 32. Poetic
23. Metaphors 33. Portmanteau
24. Malapropisms 34. Ricochet
25. Neologistic 35. Shoptalk
Cont.
Cont.

36. Slang 42. Technical


37. Solecisms 43. Understood
38. Sub–standard expressions 44. Vogue
39. Syllepsis 45. Weasel
40. Synonyms 46. Wordy
41. Tautological 47. Zeugma
General Classes of Words:
Content Words:

These are the important words in a phrase


or a sentence because they carry the meaning
of the phrase or the sentence. These are the
nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs.

Function Words:

These words perform minor functions in a


phrase or sentence. These are pronouns,
prepositions, articles, conjunctions, and
auxiliaries.
Word Order:
1. In General.
Ordinarily, the word orders in sentences are as follows:
1.)Subject, verb, indirect object, and direct object.
I gave Juan a magazine.
2.)Subject, verb, direct object, and indirect object.
I gave a magazine to Juan

3.)Subject, verb, manner, place, and time.


She sang beautifully at the concert last night.

4.)Subject, verb, place, manner, and time with respect to travel verbs.
She went (travel verb)to Baguio City by car yesterday.

• 5.) Subject, verb, adverb, and adjective


• She was very beautiful.
Con’t.

2. Adverbs
1.) An adverb is never placed between a verb and its direct object.
The lawyer read the order carefully.

2.) An adverb can be placed between a verb and its indirect object.
Juan read carefully to Ben the instructions.

3.) Adverbs of frequency go between the subject and the verb.


I always go to the cinema.

4.) Adverbs of frequency are always placed after the verb “to be”.
He is always hungry.

5.) Adverb of frequency goes between the main verb and its
auxiliary verb or between two auxiliaries.
I have never been to Singapore.

6.) The most precise adverb comes first.


We arrived at Mabalacat in Pampanga.

7.) Adverbs cannot follow “be”, “become,” and verbs of perception.


Con’t
3. Adjectives
1.) The word order of adjectives is as follows: opinion, shape, age, color,
origin, and material. An Adjective of opinion comes before an adjective of
Shape, an adjective of shape comes before age, and so forth.
It was a lovely brown table.

2.) Adjectives of the same type should be separated by “and”.


He wore a blue and white shirt.

3.) When there are more than two adjectives of the same type, put
“and” before the last adjectives and a comma after the first
and second adjectives.
The flag is red, white and blue.

4.) Adjectives can follow “be”, “become”, and verbs of perceptions, like
“appears”, “look”, “seems”, “sounds”, and “tastes”.
Pedro looks happy.
Formal and Informal Usage

Some words are accepted as standard only


in informal usage and cannot be used in formal
usage.

Formal: Informal:
Coddle to baby
parasite free loader
Quiz No. 1
1. Why is the English Language called the universal language?
2. Why is Grammar called a science?
3. Why is Grammar called a system?
4. What is the etymological term of Grammar?
5. Give the importance of Grammar in the English Language.
6. One tool that makes a meaningful sentence are the forms of
words. Give the five classifications of words that were
discussed by the teacher. Give the meaning.
7. Words in the English Language are classified in many forms,
what are the two general classes of words? Give the meaning.
8. Give the different types of word order in sentences?
9. Give the rules in adjectives as to its form in a sentence.
10. Give the rules in adverbs as to its form in a sentence.
Remarks :

This presentation is a part and parcel of the ways to


learning the English Language. Interaction among
students with the teacher as facilitator is still the best
learning strategy.

All additional examples, exercises, seatworks, quizzes


and other means to enhance learning are illustrated/
shown on board, hand-outs, and other instructional
materials.
References:

• Painless Grammar by Rebecca Elliott, PhD


• Fundamentals of English Grammar by
Isagani Cruz
• The McGraw Hill Handbook of English
Grammar and Usage by Lester Beason

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