Wireless Internet

Sojendra Pradhan
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
UTS

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Telecom Evolution

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A World without Wires

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 Drivers and Enablers for this Evolution
• Growth of computer-based services
– Internet, games, shopping etc.
• Lower cost of travel and globalization
– Need for fast and easy access to
information
• Higher productivity demand
– Instant access to “all” information vital
• Individuality
– Personalization and “single interface”
needs
• Standards and regulations

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4G – The MAGIC Technology
 2nd-> 3rd Generation Mobile Systems (3G)
• 2G : high bit rate voice, limited data communications and
different levels of encryption. Applications: SMS
applications. Speed: 9.6Kbits/s
• 2.5G: Extends 2G systems, adding features such as
packet-switched connection and enhanced data rates.
Includes EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment) and
GPRS. Applications: MMS, SMS mobile games, and
search and directory. Speeds: 14.4Kbits - 384Kbit/s

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 3rd Generation mobile systems
• 3G: Wireless Wide Area Networks (WWANs) are the
broadest range wireless networks. Most widely deployed
today in the cellular voice infrastructure - also have the
ability to transmit data. Includes UMTS (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications Service), EV-DO Evolution-Data
Optimized wireless high-speed data network.
Applications: Multimedia such as full-motion video, video
conferencing and Internet access. High-speed data
transmissions of 144Kbps and higher (2Mbit/s).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hX0i6pXzsLE&NR=1

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4th Generation mobile systems (4G)
 4th Generation mobile systems (4G)
• LTE – Long Term Evolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asxYJw7wlHE&NR=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xQDGH9JzZtA
• 4G is expected to deliver more advanced versions of the
same improvements promised by 3G, such as enhanced
multimedia, smooth streaming video, universal access,
and portability across all types of devices. 4G might
actually connect the entire globe and be operable from
any location on - or above - the surface of the earth.

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 IEEE Standards – Wireless Ethernet
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
• 802.11 Wireless LAN (WLAN)
• 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group
• 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BBWA) Working Group
• 802.20 Mobile Wireless Access Working Group

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 Ultra-Wide Band
• Ultra-Wide Band
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) are very small
networks within a confined space, such as an office
workspace or room within the home. Ultra Wideband (UWB)
technologies, offering WPAN users a much faster, short-
distance connection, are currently under development.
• Other short-range wireless technologies: Bluetooth and
Near Field Communication (NFC)

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 WiFi - 802.11 - Wireless Ethernet
• Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have broader
range than WPANs, typically confined within office
buildings, restaurants, stores, homes, etc.
• Designed for office-style environments
– Creating a wireless network within a building
– Also public Hotspots available

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 WiMAX – 802.16
• WiMAX (802.16d - also called Wimax 2004 and
802.16e)
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs)
cover a much greater distance than WLANs,
connecting buildings to one another over a
broader geographic area.
http://www.intel.com/technology/wimax/demo/wor
ks/demo.htm

LTE vs Wimax?
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Types of Wireless Networks and the standards on which they are based
(Panezic and Ritter 2005)

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 Unwired – 802.16 (WiMax)

Seven-owned - http://www.unwired.com.au/ 17
 BigAir - Australia

3 Mobile
Broadband *

*BigAir has chosen to migrate its iBurst customers to 3 Mobile Broadband (12/2008).
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Big Air

http://www.bigair.com.au/

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 Wimax - Vivid wireless
• http://www.vividwireless.com.au/home
• http://www.vividwireless.com.au/discover-
it-now/our-technology

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 Wireless Internet Characteristics

• Heterogeneous access networks

– WLAN, UMTS, GPRS…
• Richness of services and applications
– Multimedia, video, games, ….
– Context aware services (Your PDA a remote control at home,
Business applications in the office, Location Based Services)
– Personalisation,…
• Intelligent Billing
• Quality of Service (highest bandwidth possible)

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The Aim: All-IP Networks

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The Aim: All-IP Networks - Reasons for all-IP
• Growth of internet creates demand
• Voice can be more efficiently transported on IP, e.g. VoIP
– Quality is however of concern
• Reduced operational cost
– Same network used to transport all type of data in the network
• “Marriage” between Internet and Telecom
• Reduces cost of transmitting data and increases service
flexibility
• Support of new services easier
• Faster implementation of new services and transport
mechanisms

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 Seamless Roaming

1. Roaming amongst:
• Different Network Technologies (GSM, GPRS, WLAN)
• Different Operator Domains (Telstra, State Transit,
Vodafone, McDonalds,…)
2. Without:
• Buying a token to get access to the network
• User intervention to sign-on to the network
• Interruption of Service/Session
• Loss of Features (User Location, …)

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 What is needed for seamless roaming?

•Various access technologies (GPRS, UMTS, WLAN,…)

– Solution: Mobile IP
•Roaming between multiple administrative domains
– Unbundle the authentication between service and network .
– Needed: Network authentication and then resolve service
provider (via certificates)
•Service offering/features remain the same
– Use of Mobile IP
– Single sign on (authentication done at network level)

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 Seamless Access

Network
Network AA

Network
Network BB Service
A

Network
Network CC
• Various access technologies
• terminal/session/service mobility
• Sim card authentication

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 Global Objective

integration of heterogeneous fixed and

mobile networks with varying
transmission characteristics

regional

Vertical Handover
(between different technologies)
metropolitan area

campus-based Horizontal Handover

(within the same technology)

in-car,
in-house,
personal area
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 Future Wireless Internet: Key Features

• Improved radio technology and antennas

• requires a lot of processing power
• Core network convergence
– IP-based, quality of service, mobile IP
• Ad-hoc technologies
– spontaneous communication, power saving, redundancy
• Simple and open service platform
– intelligence at the edge, not in the network
– more service providers, not network operators only

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 Potential Problems
• Quality of service
– Today‘s Internet is best-effort, Integrated services did not work out,
Differentiated service have to prove scalability and manageability
• Internet protocols are well known……also to attackers,
hackers, intruders
• Reliability, maintenance
– Open question if Internet technology is really cheaper as soon as high
reliability (99.9999%) is required plus all features are integrated
• Missing charging models
– Charging by technical parameters (volume, time) is not reasonable
– Pay-per-application may make much more sense
• Killer application? There is no single killer application!
– Choice of services and seamless access to networks determine the
success

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