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Lesson 2A The Development of The Learner

The document discusses principles of human development including that development is relatively orderly, varies between individuals, and is a gradual process involving biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes. It also discusses traditional and life-span approaches to understanding development and principles of child development and learning, emphasizing that development occurs across multiple interconnected domains and is influenced by experience and environment.

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Marsha Bagasala
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152 views22 pages

Lesson 2A The Development of The Learner

The document discusses principles of human development including that development is relatively orderly, varies between individuals, and is a gradual process involving biological, cognitive, and socio-emotional changes. It also discusses traditional and life-span approaches to understanding development and principles of child development and learning, emphasizing that development occurs across multiple interconnected domains and is influenced by experience and environment.

Uploaded by

Marsha Bagasala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2- The

Development of the
Learner
2A. Principles of Growth
and Development
What is Human Development?

Human Development is the pattern


of movement or change that
begins at conception and
continues through the life span.
It includes growth and decline. This
means that development can be
positive or negative. (Santrock, 2002)

Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development

1. Development is relatively orderly.


*Proximodistal pattern – from inner to
outer
*Cephalo-caudal pattern – top to bottom
By understanding how characteristics develop,
we can make relatively accurate and useful
predictions learners and design effective
instructional strategies.

Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development

2. While the pattern of development is likely


to be similar, the outcomes of
developmental processes are likely to vary
among individuals.
*Factors such as heredity and environment
can make an individual to develop differently
from other individuals.
Because of these factors, we can expect
individual differences in developmental
characteristics and variations in the ages.
Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development

3. Development takes place gradually.


While some changes occur in a flash,
development takes weeks, months or
years for a person to undergo changes
that results in the display of
developmental characteristics.

Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development

4. Development as a process is complex


because it is the product of
biological, cognitive and socio-
emotional processes.

Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development

Biological processes involve changes in


the individual’s physical nature.

Cognitive processes involve changes in


the individual’s thoughts, intelligence,
and language.

Chapter 6: Design
The Principles of Human Development
Socioemotional processes involve
changes in the individual’s relationship
with other people, changes in emotions,
and changes in personality.

These processes are intertwined with


each other; the effect of one process or
factor on a person’s development is not
isolated from the other processes.
Chapter 6: Design
Approaches to
Human Development
1. Traditional Approach – an individual
shows extensive change from birth to
adolescence, little or no change in
adulthood, and decline in late old age.
2. Life-span Approach – even in
adulthood, developmental change takes
place as it does during childhood.

Chapter 6: Design
Characteristics of Development
in Life-span Perspective
1. Development is lifelong. It does not
end in adulthood. No development
stage dominates development.
2. Development is multidimensional.
Development consists of biological,
cognitive and socio-emotional
dimensions.

Chapter 6: Design
Characteristics of Development
in Life-span Perspective
3. Development is plastic.
Development is possible throughout
the life-span.
4. Development is contextual.
Individuals are changing beings in a
changing world.

Chapter 6: Design
Characteristics of Development
in Life-span Perspective
5. Development involves growth,
maintenance, and regulation.
Growth, maintenance, and regulation
are the 3 goals of human
development. The goals of individual
vary among developmental stages.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
1. All the domains of development and
learning – physical, cognitive and socio-
emotional are important, and they are
closely interrelated.
2. Many aspects of children’s learning and
development follow well documented
sequences, with later abilities, skills, and
knowledge building on those already
acquired.
Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
3. Development and learning proceed at
varying rates from child to child, as well
as at uneven rates across different
areas of a child’s individual functioning.
4. Development and learning result from a
dynamic and continuous interaction of
biological maturation and experience.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
5. Early experiences have profound effects,
both cumulative and delayed, on a
child’s development and learning; and
optimal periods exist for certain types of
development and learning to occur.
6. Development proceeds toward greater
complexity, self-regulation, and symbolic
or representational capacities.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
7. Children develop best when they have
secure, consistent relationships with
responsive adults and opportunities for
positive relationship with peers.
8. Development and learning occur in and
are influenced by multiple social and
cultural contexts.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
9. Always mentally active in seeking to
understand the world around them,
children learn in a variety of ways; a
wide range of teaching strategies and
interactions are effective in supporting
all these kinds of learning.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
10. Play is an important vehicle for
developing self-regulation as well as for
promoting language, cognition and
social competence.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
11. Development and learning advance
when children are challenged to achieve
at a level just beyond their current
mastery, and also when they have many
opportunities to practice newly acquired
skills.

Chapter 6: Design
Principles of Child Development and
Learning that Inform Practice:
12. Children’s experiences shape their
motivation and approaches to learning
such as persistence, initiative and
flexibility; in turn, these dispositions and
behaviors affect their learning and
development.

Chapter 6: Design
Activity 2A:

1. Choose one (1) principle of human


development. Give one example.
2. How do you view human development
– traditional of life-span? Why?
3. Choose one (1) principle of child
development and learning. Explain
briefly how you will apply it in your
classroom teaching.
Chapter 6: Design

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