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Ethnic and Racial Diversity in The US

Before the civil rights movement, the United States experienced widespread segregation and discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities. Segregation was legal and common, depriving minorities of basic rights. Civil rights leaders used nonviolent protests, civil disobedience, and legal challenges to fight segregation and discrimination. Their efforts included bus boycotts, sit-ins, marches, and important court cases like Brown v. Board of Education. As a result of the civil rights movement, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting racial discrimination in public facilities.

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48 views35 pages

Ethnic and Racial Diversity in The US

Before the civil rights movement, the United States experienced widespread segregation and discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities. Segregation was legal and common, depriving minorities of basic rights. Civil rights leaders used nonviolent protests, civil disobedience, and legal challenges to fight segregation and discrimination. Their efforts included bus boycotts, sit-ins, marches, and important court cases like Brown v. Board of Education. As a result of the civil rights movement, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibiting racial discrimination in public facilities.

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Ethnic and Racial

Diversity in the U.S.


Civil Rights
in the 50’s and 60’s
What was life like before the Civil Rights
movement?
► Use the pictures in the following slides to make some
statements describing life in the U.S. before the Civil Rights
movement.
What is segregation?
► Segregation is the separation of people according to race
or ethnicity.
► Segregation can be about separating African-Americans
from Whites, or about separating Hispanics from Whites.
► Before 1950 segregation was common and normal in the
U.S.A. Segregation deprived minorities of their rights.
Two kinds of segregation
► de facto
jure segregation
segregation
 Segregation without
by law laws
► Common in the North
South

►
► Laws forbid
Housing African-Americans
discrimination madefrom attending
segregation in the
the same
North.church,
White using the
community
same
groupsswimming pool,non-Whites
did not allow eating in restaurants, or marrying
to live in White White people.
neighborhoods. Every ethnic
group had its own part of town.
NAACP and leaders
► Thurgood Marshall, lawyer, cases
involving school segregation
► Rosa Parks—refuses to give up her
seat on the bus to a white man
and as a result the Montgomery
Bus Boycott occurs.
► Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.—he
gains national prominence as a
leader during the Montgomery Bus
Boycott. Arrested in Birmingham
 Letter from a Birmingham Jail.
How did they do it?
► Civil
rights leaders used non-violent protests, civil
disobedience, and legal action to change the U.S.
non-violent protest
► Boycotts
 Refusing to buy goods or services from a business in order to
force it to change its policies
► Hunger strikes
 Refusing to eat anything in order to get attention for your
cause
► Petitions
 Writing a letter to ask the government or a company to change
its policy, and then getting as many people to sign it as possible.
► Marches and demonstrations
 Getting as many people as possible to gather in one place to get
attention to your cause
► Strikes
 Refusing to work in order to force your managers or government
to change their policies
Civil disobedience
► Breaking the law or causing a disturbance in order to get
attention for your cause.

► Sit ins
►The protesters come into a place, sit down, and refuse to move.
Legal action
► Lawyerscan challenge a law or policy in court. If they
convince the judge that the law or policy is
unconstitutional, then the judge will order them to
change.
As you watch the next part of the presentation, try to
classify each action taken by the people in the civil
rights movement.
Linda Brown
► In 1951, a girl named
Linda Brown wanted to
go to school. The white
school was very close by,
but the African-American
school was far away. Her
parents sued the Board
of Education to try to
force them to allow Linda
to attend the white
school.
Linda Brown
► In 1954, in the case of Brown v. Board of Education, the Supreme
Court decided to hear Linda’s case. Chief Justice Earl Warren said
that segregation in public schools is unconstitutional. He ordered
all the schools to end segregation.
Rosa Parks

► In Alabama, the bus company had a rule that


said all African-Americans had to sit in the back
of the bus.
► In 1955, Rosa Parks, an African-American
women, was coming home from work and was
very tired. The seats in the back were full, but
the front seats were empty. She sat down in
the front. When the bus driver ordered her to
move, she refused. He called the police and
they arrested her.
Rosa Parks

► The minister of Rosa’s church, Martin Luther


King, decided to get involved. He told the
African-Americans to stop riding the bus. For
months, African-Americans walked or gave each
other rides. The bus company was losing a lot
of money because most of their passengers
were African-Americans. Eventually, they were
forced to change their rule. Then, in 1956, the
Supreme Court declared segregation on public
transportation unconstitutional. This success
made King famous across the U.S.
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-56)
► Dec.1, 1955 Rosa Parks is arrested for
refusing to give up her seat
College students in Greensboro
► In 1960, many
restaurants would not
serve African-
Americans. To protest
this, some African-
American college
students in
Greensboro, North
Carolina decided to go
to a lunch counter at a
Woolworth’s
Department store and
order food. The
servers refused to
serve them, but the
students refused to
leave.
College students in Greensboro
► These lunch counter
protests spread
throughout the U.S.
Many white students
came along to support
the African-Americans.
College students in Greensboro
► The students always
stayed peaceful, even
when attacked or
arrested. This made
them look good and
made the racists look
hateful and evil. This
strategy was very
successful for
convincing White
people to support civil
rights for minorities.
Greensboro, No Carolina
Lunch Counter Sit Ins
March on Washington
August 28, 1963
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
► Because of the Civil Rights movement, Congress passed the
Civil Rights Act of 1964. This law ended all racial
discrimination in public facilities such as restrooms,
restaurants, buses, movie theaters, and swimming pools.
Improve Your Reading Skills: Scanning (p. 191)
• early 1600s p. 180—people of Hispanic origin lived in North
America
• 1790 p. 180—first census; 80% population white; 20% African-
American
• 1861–65 p. 183—Civil War
• late 1800s and early 1900s p. 188—millions of immigrants
from eastern and southern Europe came to the United States
• 1920s p. 188—borders closed to immigrants
• 1950s and 1960s p. 184—civil rights movement
• 1965 p. 188—immigration law changed to allow more
immigrants
• 2008 and 2012 p. 185—Barack Obama elected president
Build Your Vocabulary Definitions (p. 191)
1. c
2. f
3. g
4. b
5. h
6. e
7. j
8. a
9. k
10. i
11. l
12. d
1. abolished
2. civil rights
3. inspire
4. assassination
5. legacy
6. registration
7. mingled
8. victims
9. mosaic
10. trickle
11. obliterate
12. corrupt
More AWL Words (p. 193)
1. bias
2. construction
3. despite
4. discrimination
5. documentation
6. eliminating
7. function
8. inclined
9. integrated
10. process
11. residential
12. somewhat

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