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Engineering Physics: Cell Phone Reception

This document provides an overview of how cell phones work through transmission and reception. It discusses how cell phones convert voice to radio waves which are transmitted to nearby cell towers and then back to sound. The reception mechanism involves radio waves being transmitted to towers and reflected through objects before reaching the tower. As the user moves between cell zones, the signal is handed off between towers to maintain coverage. The document also lists some key advantages like connectivity and emergency assistance, and disadvantages such as potential health hazards and transmission interference.

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Bhavanya Ravichandren
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4K views10 pages

Engineering Physics: Cell Phone Reception

This document provides an overview of how cell phones work through transmission and reception. It discusses how cell phones convert voice to radio waves which are transmitted to nearby cell towers and then back to sound. The reception mechanism involves radio waves being transmitted to towers and reflected through objects before reaching the tower. As the user moves between cell zones, the signal is handed off between towers to maintain coverage. The document also lists some key advantages like connectivity and emergency assistance, and disadvantages such as potential health hazards and transmission interference.

Uploaded by

Bhavanya Ravichandren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engineering

Physics
Cell Phone
Reception
Presentation by Bharathan.R
Table of contents

01 02
Introduction Transmission and
Reception Unit

03 04
Reception Adavntages and
Mechanism Disadvantages of
Cell Phone
Introduction
Nowadays, cell phones are everywhere. Cell phones are being carried
by almost everyone around the world including children, teenagers,
adults, as well as grandparents. Phone companies are one of the
fastest growing businesses on the market. This is because technology
is blooming. Every now and then, there are new phones that are
released in the market. Marketing strategies like new features are
being used to update phones to make the phone looks different.
Phones nowadays can perform many tasks such as web browsing,
making phone, checking email, GPS locations, and more.
Transmission and Reception Unit
 A cell phone is mainly a two-way radio, which consists of a
radio transmitter and a radio receiver.

 As we talk to someone on a cell phone, the phone converts


the voice into an electrical signal, which is then transmitted
through radio waves to the nearest cell tower.

 The network of cell towers then communicates the radio


wave to the person’s cell phone, which transforms it to an
electrical signal and then back to sound again.

 Cell phones use radio waves to communicate. Radio waves


transport digitized voice or data in the form of wavering
electric and magnetic fields, called the electromagnetic field
(EMF).

 The rate of alternation is called frequency.


Reception Mechanism
 Radio waves transport the information and travel in air at the speed of light.

 There are several directions which cell phone radio waves are transmitted. All waves are absorbed and reflected
through surrounding objects before the waves reach the nearest cell tower.

 Also, most cell phones have at least one built in radio antenna in order to transmit or receive radio signals. An antenna
transforms an electric signal to the radio wave (transmitter) and vice versa (receiver).

 Some cell phones use more than one transmitter and receiver antenna, while in some cell phones only has one
transmitter and receiver antenna. For example, the iPhone has more than one transmitter and receiver antenna.

 An antenna helps us to transmit and receive frequencies of radio waves, but in some older generation phones, some
antennas were external or extractable. Due to the blooming of technology, modern phones have compactable
antennas inside them.

 All metal components in the device like the circuit board metal frame in the iPhone can cooperate with the spread
antennas and contribute to the outline transmitted signal.

 In every two to three miles, there is a phone tower that helps the phone to communicate with others to get service.

 Cell phones transmit to towers, which then connects you to the normal land-based. telephone system to route a phone
call.
Reception Mechanism (Contd.)
 A large city has hundreds of towers. Each carrier in each city runs a central office also known as the Mobile
Telephone Switching Office (MTSO).

 The MTSO is a switch that controls all the operation system of a cellular system. When you power up a phone, it
listens for special frequencies (control channel) that the phone and tower use to talk to one another.

 If there is no control channel, a phone displays a message no service because it knows it is out of range (The
Physics of Cell Phones, 2003).

 A phone transmits a registration request so that the MTSO keeps track of the phone’s location in the database. It
is important for the MTSO to know the cell phone one is using when the phone cell phone is about to ring.

 When MTSO gets a call, it tries to find the owner of the by looking into the database to see which cell tower you
are near. MTSO also chooses a frequency pair that a phone will use in that cell to take the call. MTSO
communicates with your phone over the control channel to tell it what frequencies to use.

 When your phone and the tower switch on those frequencies, you are connected and talking.

 Lastly, as one move toward the edge of the cell range, the cell tower notes a diminishing signal. The diminishing
signal indicates that it is time for the control channel to hand off you to the next cell tower.
Pictorial Representation
Advantages of Cell Phone

Connecting People Both learning and


entertainment tool on
hand

Helps starting and Provides help during


promoting Business emergency
Disadvanatges of Cell Phone

Range and
Bandwidth

Transmission Potential Health


Interferences Hazards
Thank
You!

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