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Exponents: Saw Wati Hnin (Victoria) Aung Khant Moe (Daniel)

The document discusses exponents and exponential functions. It defines an exponent as a constant raised to the power of an argument, and an exponential function as a function whose value is a constant raised to the power of an argument. The document covers exponential graphs and their properties, transformations of exponential functions, differences between exponential and other graphs, contributors to the development of exponents, and real-life examples of exponential functions.

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Victoria .1117
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39 views33 pages

Exponents: Saw Wati Hnin (Victoria) Aung Khant Moe (Daniel)

The document discusses exponents and exponential functions. It defines an exponent as a constant raised to the power of an argument, and an exponential function as a function whose value is a constant raised to the power of an argument. The document covers exponential graphs and their properties, transformations of exponential functions, differences between exponential and other graphs, contributors to the development of exponents, and real-life examples of exponential functions.

Uploaded by

Victoria .1117
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exponents

Saw Wati Hnin (Victoria)


Aung Khant Moe(Daniel)

CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including


icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
Table of contents
Glossary
01 Percentage change, exponential
04 Exponential
Definition, formulas +
functions
growth/decay transformations

02 Exponential
+properties
graphs 05 Brief timeline
+transformations Brief history + top 3 uses of
exponents

03 Exponential vs other 06 Real-life examples


graphs Bacterium growth+
Spread of COVID
Differences + Properties
Q: What is an
Exponent?
An exponent is a constant
raised to the power of the
argument, especially where
the constant is e.
Eg: 2 x
01
Glossary
(terminology)
Glossary
● Percent change refers to a change based on a
percent of the original amount.

● Exponential growth refers to a percent increase of


the original amount over time.

● Exponential decay refers to a percent decrease of


the original amount over time.
02
Exponential
Graphs
+Properties
Growth v.s decay
If the value of the exponent is
Positive  exponential growth
(left to right concave up)

If the value of the exponent is


Negative  exponential decay
(right to left concave up)
Basic exponential Basic exponential
growth decay
Domain (-∞, ∞) (-∞, ∞)
Range (0, ∞) (0, ∞)
Asymptote y=0 y=0
Intercepts (0, 1) (0, 1)
End behavior x  -∞, y  0 x  -∞, y  ∞
x  ∞, y ∞ x  ∞, y 0
Intervals of inc/dec Inc (-∞, ∞) Dec (-∞, ∞)
Reflections of Exponential Graphs
Change in signs in front of x =
reflection in y-axis

Change in signs in front of y=


reflection in x-axis

Changing into the opposite signs in


front of x and y= reflection in y=x or
y=-x

• 2x → 2-x    (reflection in y-axis)


• 2x → -2x  (reflection in x-axis)
• 2-x →  -2-x (reflection in x-axis)
• -2-x → -2x  (reflection in y-axis)
• 2x → -2-x  (reflection in y = x)
• 2-x → -2x  (reflection in y = -x)
Stretch / Compression

Horizontal Vertical
Translation

Horizontal Vertical
03
Exponential
v.s
Other graphs
+Properties
Exponential v.s Linear graphs Exponential graph Linear graph
Domain: x E R Domain: x E R
Range: y > 0 Range: y E R
Horizontal Asymptote: Horizontal Asymptote:
x-axis none
Vertical Asymptote: Vertical Asymptote:
none none
Zeroes: (0,1) Zeroes: (0,0)

g(x) increases by 2 while f(x) increases by


increasing powers of 2
Logarithmic v.s Exponential
Logarithmic graph: Exponential graph
Domain: x > 0 Domain: x E R
Range: y E R Range: y >  0
Horizontal Asymptote: Horizontal Asymptote:
y-axis none
Vertical Asymptote: Vertical Asymptote: x-
none axis
Zeroes: (1,0) Zeroes: (0,1)
04
Exponential
Functions
Definition, formulas +
transformations
Q: What is an
exponential
function?
An exponential function is
a function whose value is
a constant raised to the
power of the argument.
Real-life type 1:

M(t)=P(½)^(t/h )(Half life)

M(t)=Actual mass, P=initial mass, t=


time in days, h=half life
Real-life type 2:

A = P((1+r)/n)^nt (Compound interest)

A=total amount, P=principal amount,


r=interest rate (decimal), n=number of
time interest is compounded in a year,
t=time in years
Real-life example 3:

R = log (a/t+B) (Richter scale)

R=intensity of earthquake , a=amplitude


, t=time between waves , B=3.2
Real-life example 4:

pH = -log[H+] (pH)

pH= measure of acidity or alkalinity,


H+=hydrogen ion concentration
Real-life example 5:

L = 10 log(I/Io) (Loudness)

L=loudness (dB) , I=intensity


(W/m^2), Io = Dynamic range of
intensity (10^-12 W/m^2)
Transformation of exponential functions

f(x) = ab^(kx-d) + c

a: a>0 = vertical stretch / a<0 = v.compress


b: constant
k: k<0 = horizontal stretch / k>0 = h.compress
d: horizontal translation
c: vertical translation
05
Timeline
+contributors
+top 3 uses
Contributors’ timeline
John Napier (1614)
Wrote “Miraculous canon of
logarithm”
Value of e = 2.71 (not accurate)
Jacob Bernoulli
Discovered while solving the
financial problem relating to
compound interest
Very accurate approximation, e =
2.718281828 Leonard Euler (1768)
Gave the name e, e = 2.718281828
(23 decimals)
Also named  π
Top 3 uses for exponents
Business
Compound interests and
finances

Earthquakes
Richter scales

Safety
Half-life calculation decides if
a place is safe to house
residents
06
Real-life
examples
Real-life STEM
examples:
1. Bacterium
growth (SWH)
2.Covid
spreading
(AKM)
Resources
Exponential function – Wikipedia

iMovie, Slidesgo, GoDaddy, ibispaintX and Procreate

History of constant e (
https://youtu.be/maWSyCDyB4c)

Transformation of exponential functions (Nelson


textbook)

Common Formulae of exponential formula (Nelson


textbook)
Conclusion
● An exponent is a constant raised to the power of the
argument, especially where the constant is e.

● An exponential function is a function whose value is a


constant raised to the power of the argument.

● Transformation formula: f(x) = ab^(kx-d) + c


● a: a>0 = vertical stretch / a<0 = v.compress
● b: constant
● k: k<0 = horizontal stretch / k>0 = h.compress
● d: horizontal translation
● c: vertical translation

● Exponents are used in real life for: 1) half-life


2)compound interest 3) Richter Scale
4)pH 5) Loudness
Thank you!

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