Scribd
Upload
43 views18 pages

Splines: A Spline Is A Parametric Curve Defined by

Splines are parametric curves defined by control points. Historically, splines referred to flexible pieces of wood used by draftsmen to draw smooth curves. Common types of splines include Hermite splines, which specify the endpoints and tangent directions of curves, and B-splines, which approximate curves passing through control points. B-splines are widely used due to properties like locality of control and ensuring continuity between joined curves.

Uploaded by

Ravish Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views18 pages

Splines: A Spline Is A Parametric Curve Defined by

Splines are parametric curves defined by control points. Historically, splines referred to flexible pieces of wood used by draftsmen to draw smooth curves. Common types of splines include Hermite splines, which specify the endpoints and tangent directions of curves, and B-splines, which approximate curves passing through control points. B-splines are widely used due to properties like locality of control and ensuring continuity between joined curves.

Uploaded by

Ravish Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Splines

 a spline is a parametric curve defined by


control points
 term “spline” dates from engineering drawing,
where a spline was a piece of flexible wood
used to draw smooth curves
 control points are adjusted by the user to
control shape of curve

1
Splines - History
 draftsman used ‘ducks’ and
strips of wood (splines) to
draw curves
 wood splines have second-
order continuity, pass
through the control points a duck (weight)

ducks trace out curve


2
Hermite Curve

 Properties of Hermite Curve-


 endpoints of curve
 parametric derivatives of curve at endpoints
 parametric derivatives are dx/dt, dy/dt, dz/dt
 more derivatives would be required for
higher order curves
 Tangent ( derivative) on each control point
show the direction of curve

3
Hermite Cubic Splines
 Example

4
Hermite Spline (2)
 Consider four Control Points x0 , x1 , x0 , x1
 Cubic Hermite Curve has degree 3, is of the form:
3 2
 x  atfrom 0btto 1. ct
Where t varies d
 we have four conditions:
 curve must pass through x0 when t=0
 derivative must be x’0 when t=0
 curve must pass through x1 when t=1
 derivative must be x’1 when t=1

5
Hermite Spline (3)
 Solving for the unknowns gives
a  2 x1  2 x0  x1  x0
b  3x1  3x0  x1  2 x0
c  x0
d  x0
 Rearranging gives
3
x  x1 ( 2t  3t ) 2  2 3 0 0  t 3 
 2 3 0  
 x0 ( 2t 3  3t 2  1) 1  t 2 
or x  x1 x0 x1 x0  
 x1 (t 3  t 2 )  1 1 0 0  t 
 x0 (t 3  2t 2  t )   
 1 2 1 0  1 

6
Sample Hermite Curves

7
8
9
Comparing Hermite and Bézier
Hermite Bézier
1.2 1.2
1

1
0.8

0.8 B0
0.6
x1
x0 B1
0.4 0.6
x'1 B2
0.2
x'0 0.4 B3
0

0.2
-0.2

-0.4 0

10
Continuity
 when two curves joined, typically want some
degree of continuity across knot boundary
 C0, “C-zero”, point-wise continuous, curves
share same point where they join
 C1, “C-one”, continuous derivatives
 C2, “C-two”, continuous second derivatives

11
B-Spline Curve
 start with a sequence of control points
 select four from middle of sequence

(pi-2, pi-1, pi, pi+1)


 Bezier and Hermite goes between pi-2 and pi+1
 B-Spline doesn’t interpolate (touch) any of them but
approximates the going through pi-1 and pi

P1 P2 P6

P3
P0 P4 P5
12
B-Spline
 by far the most popular spline used
 C0, C1, and C2 continuous

demo: www.siggraph.org/education/materials/HyperGraph/modeling/splines/demoprog/curve.html
13
B-Spline

 locality of points

14
15
16
17
18

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy