Scribd
Upload
69 views26 pages

Radar 01

RADAR is an electromagnetic system that uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. It works by transmitting pulses of radio waves that bounce off targets and return to a receiver, which analyzes the reflected pulses to determine characteristics of the target. RADAR has many applications including air traffic control, navigation, military surveillance and monitoring ship and vehicle movements. It calculates key parameters like distance, speed, location and wind speed of targets.

Uploaded by

Tehreem Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
69 views26 pages

Radar 01

RADAR is an electromagnetic system that uses radio waves to detect objects and determine their range, altitude, direction or speed. It works by transmitting pulses of radio waves that bounce off targets and return to a receiver, which analyzes the reflected pulses to determine characteristics of the target. RADAR has many applications including air traffic control, navigation, military surveillance and monitoring ship and vehicle movements. It calculates key parameters like distance, speed, location and wind speed of targets.

Uploaded by

Tehreem Khan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 26

RADAR

What is
RADAR ?
 Electromagnetic Device to detect and determine the
various parameters of the target .

 Works on the principle of bouncing back the radio


waves from the target and the receiver of Radar
processes the required information.

 Finds applications in Air Traffic Control, Navigation,


Military Surveillance, Ship and Vehicular Movements.
Parameters Calculated
by Radar
 Distance Measurement
 Speed Measurement

 Location of the target with GPS

Co-ordinates
 Range of target with respect to ground

 Wind speed
Principle of
Operation
 The radar device transmits a wave whose band is
spread by a PN code from a PN generator, receives the
reflected wave.
 In this radar device, the received signal is spread to a
wide range is converted to a low-frequency band
which is easy to be measured by a down converter.
 The RADAR detects correlation between the received
signal and the PN code.
RADAR
RAdio Detection And Ranging
Antenna
Propagation

Target
Cross
Section
Reflected
Transmitted Pulse
Pulse (“echo”)

Radar observables:
• Target range
• Target angles (azimuth & elevation)
• Target size (radar cross section)
• Target speed (Doppler)
• Target features (imaging)
(http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mkx/radar/part1/slide2.html)
(http://www.crh.noaa.gov/mkx/radar/part1/slide3.html)
(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)
(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)
http://weather.noaa.gov/radar/radinfo/radinfo.html
Radar Range Measurement
e
a ng
R
Target

d
itte
m
r ans se
T Pul

e cted
fl
Re ulse
P
c
• Target range =
2
where c = speed of light
 = round trip time
How Strong Is It?
 The strength of the received echo can also
be measured
 This will vary with the distance of the
target, its size, its shape and its
composition
Determining Target Location
 Three pieces of information
 Azimuth angle
 Elevation angle
 Distance to target
 From these data radar can determine exact
target location
Azimuth Angle
 Angle of ‘beam’ with
respect to north
(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)
Elevation Angle
 Angle of ‘beam’ with respect to ground
(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)
Distance to Target
 D = cT/2
 T  pulse’s round trip time

(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)


Scanning Strategies 1
 Plan Position Indicator (PPI)
 Antenna rotates through 360° sweep at constant
elevation angle
 Allows detection/intensity determination of
precipitation within given radius from radar
 Most commonly seen by general public
 WSR-88D performs PPI scans over several elevation
angles to produce 3D representation of local
atmosphere
Plan Position Indicator
• Constant elevation angle
• Azimuth angle varies (antenna rotates)
(University of Illinois WW2010 Project)
 D. Describe the components of a pulse radar
system.
 1. Synchronizer
 2. Transmitter
 3. Antenna
 4. Duplexer
 5. Receiver
 6. Display unit
 7. Power supply
Pulse Radar Block Diagram

Transmitter
Synchronizer

RF ATR

Duplexer Antenna
Power
(Switching Unit)
Supply
Echo TR

Receiver
Display Video

Antenna Bearing or Elevation


 Detection is based on establishing a
threshold level at the output of the
receiver. If the receiver output exceeds the
threshold, a signal is assumed to be
present. This is called threshold detection.
 Consider the output of a typical radar
receiver as a function of time (Fig.).
 This might represent one sweep of the
video output displayed on an A-scope. The
envelope has a fluctuating appearance
caused by the random nature of noise.
 If a large signal is present such as at A in
Fig. , it is greater than the surrounding
noise peaks and can be recognized on the
basis of its amplitude. Thus, if the
threshold level were set sufficiently high,
the envelope would not generally exceed
the threshold if noise alone were present,
but would exceed it if a strong signal were
present.
 If the signal were small, however, it would
be more difficult to recognize its presence.
 The threshold level must be low if weak
signals are to be detected, but it cannot be
so low that noise peaks cross the threshold
and give a false indication of the presence
of targets.

24

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy