BAB 3

• LAPORAN KEUANGAN KONSOLIDASI : SUATU

PENGANTAR

Oleh : Atik Isniawati, SE, Ak., M.Si

 AKUISISI BISNIS
• Business combinations/Kombinasi Bisnis terjadi jika:
– Memperoleh kendali atas hak suara dalam kepemilikan
saham
– Kepemilikan saham lebih dari 50%
– Mempu mengendaliakn melalui kepemilikan tidak
langsung
• Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasi
– Terutama untuk pemilik & kreditor induk
– Tidak untuk pemilik noncontrolling atau kreditor anak
 Subsidiaries/ Anak Perusahaan
• Subsidiaries atau anak perusahaan atau afiliasi
adalah perusahaan yang dikendalikan oleh
induk dan memiliki noncontrolling interests.
 Laporan Keuangan Konsolidasi
• Disiapkan oleh perusahaan induk
• Tahun Fiskal : tahunan atau triwulanan
Contoh: Penn : Acquisition Cost = Fair Value =
Book Value
• Skelly BV=FV
• Cash $10
• Other current assets $15
• Net plant assets $40
• Total $65
• Accounts payable $15
• Other liabilities $10
• Capital stock $30
• Retained earnings $10
• Total $65
 Lanjutan....
• Penn mengakuisisi 100% Skelly senilai $40, yang sama
dengan nilai buku dan nilai wajar/pasar dari aset
bersihnya.
• Cost of acquisition $40
• Less 100% book value$40
• Excess of cost over book value $0
• Jurnal Eliminasi:
D Modal saham Skelly $30
Laba Ditahan-Skelly $10
Investemnt in Skelly $40
 Balance sheets Separate Consolidated
Penn Skelly Penn & Sub.
Cash $20 $10 $30
Other curr. assets 45 15 60
Net plant 60 40 100
Investment in 40 0 0
Skelly
Total $165 $65 $190
Accounts payable $20 $15 $35
Other curr. 25 10 35
liabilities
Capital stock 100 30 100
Retained earnings 20 10 20
© Pearson Education, Inc.
Total
publishing as Prentice Hall $165
3-7
$65 $190
 Cost, Fair Value and Book Value
*Acquisition cost, fair values dan nilai buku bisa
berbeda
– Jika Biaya perolehan (Acq. Cost) melebihi nilai
wajar (fair value) maka muncul goodwill
 Example: BV ≠ FV but Cost = FV
Piper acquires 100% of Sandy for $310.

BV = 100 + 145 = $245

FV = 385 – 75 = $310

Cost – FV = $0 goodwill

Sandy BV FV
Cash $40 $40
Receivables 30 30
Inventory 50 75
Plant, net 200 240
Total $320 $385
Liabilities $75 $75
Cost $310
Capital stock 100
100% BV 245
Retained earnings 145
Excess of cost over BV $65
Total $320
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-9
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Piper and Sandy (cont.)
Allocate to: Amt Amort.
Inventory 100%(+25) 25 1st yr
Plant 100%(+40) 40 10 yrs
Total $65

Piper's elimination worksheet entry:

Capital stock 100
Retained earnings 145
Inventory 25
Plant 40
Investment in Sandy 310
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-10
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Example: BV ≠ FV and Cost ≠ FV
Panda acquires 100% of Salty for $530.

BV = 250 + 190 = $440

FV = 580 – 85 = $495

Cost – FV = $35 goodwill

Salty BV FV
Cash $100 $100
Receivables 40 40
Inventory 250 250
Plant, net 130 190
Total $520 $580
Liabilities $80 $85 Cost $530
Capital stock 250   100% BV (250+190) 440
Retained earnings 190  
Excess of cost over BV $90
Total $520  
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-11
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Panda and Salty (cont.)
Allocate to: Amt Amort.
Plant 60 4 yrs
Liabilities -5 5 yrs
Goodwill 35 -
Total $90
Panda's elimination worksheet entry:
Capital stock 250
Retained earnings 190
Plant 60
Goodwill 35
Liabilities 5
Investment in Salty 530
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-12
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Contoh: BV ≠ FV and Cost ≠ FV
Printemps acquires 100% of Summer for $185.
Summer BV FV BV = 75 + 105 = $180
Cash $10 $10 FV = 250 - 40 = $210
Receivables 30 30
Inventory 80 90
Plant, net 100 120
Total $220 $250
Liabilities $40 $40
Cost $185
Capital stock 75   100% BV (75+105) 180
Retained earnings 105   Excess of cost over BV $5
Total $220  
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-13
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Printemps and Summer (cont.)
Allocate to: Amt Amort.
Inventory 10 1st yr
Plant, land 20 -
Bargain purchase (25) Gain
Total $5
Printemps records the acquisition of Summer assuming a cash purchase as follows.
Note that the investment account is recorded at its fair value and the bargain
purchase is treated immediately as a gain.

Investment in Summer 210

Gain on Bargain purchase 25
Cash 185
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-14
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Worksheet Elimination Entry
Unamortized excess equals $30 (gain is recognized)
• $10 for undervalued inventory
• $20 for undervalued land included in plant assets

Printemps' elimination worksheet entry:

Capital stock 75
Retained earnings 105
Unamortized excess 30
Investment in Summer 210
Inventory 10
Plant 20
Unamortized excess 30
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-15
publishing as Prentice Hall
   Printemps Summer Adjustments Consol-
  BV BV DR CR idated
Cash $30 $10     $40
Receivables 50 30     80
Inventory 100 80 10   190
Plant, net 450 100 20   570
Investment in
Summer 210     210 0
Unamortized excess     30 30  
Total $840 $220     $880
Liabilities $270 $40     $310
Capital stock 200 75 75   200
Retained earnings 370 105 105   370
Total $840 $220     $880
      240 240  
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-16
publishing as Prentice Hall
Non-Controlling Interest (Minoritas)
Induk memiliki kurang dari 100%
– Noncontrolling interest menunjukkan pemegang
saham minoritas
– Bagian dari ekuitas pemegang saham
– Diukur pada fair value, berdasarkan atas harga
akuisis oleh Induk
Induk membayar $40,000 untuk 85% kepemilikan
– Menunjukkan nilai investasi total adalah
40,000/85% = $47,059.
– Bagian minoritas = 15%(47,059) = $7,059.
 Contoh: Non Controlling Interest
Popo mengakuisisi 80% dari Sine sebesar $400 ketika
Sine memiliki modal saham $200 dan laba ditahan
$175. Aset dan hutang Sine sama dengan fair values
kecuali bangunan yang dinilai terlalu rendah
(undervalued) sebesar $50. Bangunan memiliki sisa
umur 10 tahun.

Cost of 80% of Sine $400 Allocate to:

Implied value of Sine (400/80%) $500 Building $50
Book value (200+175) 375 Goodwill 75
Excess cost over book value $125 Total $125

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-18
publishing as Prentice Hall
• Cost – FV = goodwill
• 500 – 425 = 75
• FV = BV + 50
• = 375 + 50 = 425
 Elimination Entry
Popo's elimination worksheet entry:
Capital stock 200
Retained earnings 175
Building 50
Goodwill 75
Investment in Sine 400
Noncontrolling interest (20% 100
X 500)

An unamortized excess account could have been used for the excess assigned to
the building and goodwill.

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-20
publishing as Prentice Hall
   Popo Sine Adjustments Consol-
  BV BV DR CR idated
Cash $50 $10     $60
Receivables 130 50     180
Inventory 80 100     180
Building, net 300 240 50   590
Investment in Sine 400     400 0
Goodwill     75   75
Total $960 $400     $1,085
Liabilities $150 $25     $175
Capital stock 250 200 200   250
Retained earnings 560 175 175   560
Noncontrolling interest        100 100
Total $960 $400     $1,085
      500 500  
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-21
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Kelebihan yang tdk diamortisasi
(Unamortized Excess)

Kelebihan yang dibebankan ke aset dan hutang

diamotisasi menurut akun berikut
Balance sheet Amortization Income statement
account period account
Inventories and Generally, 1st year Cost of sales and
other current assets other expense
Buildings, Remaining life at Depreciation and
equipment, business amortization
patents, combination expense
Land, copyrights Not amortized
Long term debt Time to maturity Interest expense
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-22
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Piper and Sandy (Lanjutan)
Cost $310 Allocate to: Amt Amort.
100% BV 245 Inventory 25 1st yr
Excess $65 Plant 40 10 yrs
Total $65

Beginning Current Ending

unamortized year's unamortized
excess amortization excess
Inventory 25 (25) 0
Plant 40 (4) 36
Total 65 (29) 36

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-23
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Panda and Salty (Lanjutan)
Cost $530 Allocate to: Amt Amort.
100% BV 440 Plant 60 4 yrs
Liabilities -5 5 yrs
Excess $90
Goodwill 35 -
Total $90
Beginning Current Ending
unamortized year's unamortized
excess amortization excess
Plant 60 (15) 45
Liabilities (5) 1 (4)
Goodwill 35 0 35
Total 90 14 76
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-24
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Printemps and Summer (Lanjutan)
Cost $185 Allocate to: Amt Amort.
Inventory 10 1st yr
100% BV 180
Plant, land 20 -
Excess $5 Bargain purchase (25) Gain
Total $5

Beginning Current Ending

unamortized year's unamortized
excess amortization excess
Inventory 10 (10) 0
Land 20 0 20
Total 30 (10) 20

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-25
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Balance Sheets Sesudah Akuisisi
Pada penyiapan balance sheet konsolidasi
– Eliminasi investasi induk dalam anak
– Eliminasi akun-akun ekuitas anak the
subsidiary's equity accounts (modal saham,
laba ditahan, dll.)
– Sesuaikan akun aset dan hutang untuk saldo
kelebihan yg blm diamortisasi
– Catat goodwill, jika ada
– Catat hak minoritas, jika ada

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-26
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Popo and Sine (Lanjutan)
Cost of 80% of Sine $400 Allocate to:
Implied value of Sine $500 Building $50 10 yrs
Book value 375 Goodwill 75 -
Excess $125 Total $125

Beginning Current Ending

unamortized year's unamortized
excess amortization excess
Building 50 (5) 45
Goodwill 75 0 75
Total 125 (5) 120

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-27
publishing as Prentice Hall
 After 1 year: Popo Sine Popo Sine
Cash $40 $15 Liabilities $100 $50
Receivables 110 85 Capital stock 250 200
Inventory 90 100 Retained earnings 574 185
Building, net 280 235
Investment in Sine 404  
Total $924 $435
Total $924 $435

Popo's elimination worksheet entry:

Capital stock 200
Retained earnings 185
Unamortized excess 120
Investment in Sine (80%) 404
Noncontrolling interest (20% X 101
404/80%)
Building 45
Goodwill 75
Unamortized excess
© Pearson Education, Inc.
120
3-28
publishing as Prentice Hall
 After 1 year: Popo Sine Adjustments Consol-
  BV BV DR CR idated
Cash $40 $15     $55
Receivables 110 85     195
Inventory 90 100     190
Building, net 280 235 45   560
Investment in Sine 404     404 0
Goodwill     75   75
Unamortized excess 120 120
Total $924 $435     $1,075
Liabilities $100 $50     $150
Capital stock 250 200 200   250
Retained earnings 574 185 185   574
Noncontrolling interest     101 101
Total $924 $435     $1,075
      505 505  

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-29
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Item-item Kunci Balance Sheet
• Investsi dalam anak tidak ada dalam
konsolidasi
• Ekuitas dalam consolidated balance sheet
terdiri dari ekuitas induk plus hak minoritas
• Hak minoritas adalah proporsional terhadap
akun investasi dalam anak ketika metode
equity digunakan
$101 = $404 x .20/.80
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-30
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Contoh Komprehensif
Pilot acquires 90% of Sand on 12/31/2009 for
$4,333 when Sand's equity consists of $4,000
common stock, $1,000 other paid in capital,
and $900 retained earnings. On that date
Sand's inventories, land and buildings are
understated by $100, $200, and $1,000,
respectively and its equipment and notes
payable are overstated by $300 and $100.

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-31
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Assignment and Allocate to:
Amortization Inventory $100 1st yr
Land 200 -
Cost of 90% of Sand $10,200 Building 1,000 40 yrs
Implied value of Sand Equipment (300) 5 yrs
10,200/.90 $11,333 Note payable 100 1st yr
Goodwill 4,333 -
Book value (4000+1000+900) 5,900
Total $5,433
Excess over book value $5,433
Unamortized Current Unamortized
excess 1/1/10 amortization excess 12/31/10
Inventory 100 (100) 0
Land 200 0 200
Building 1,000 (25) 975
Equipment (300) 60 (240)
Note payable 100 (100) 0
Goodwill 4,333 0 4,333
Total 5,433 (165) 5,268
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-32
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Pilot Sand Consol.*
Sales $9,523.50 $2,200.00 $11,723.50
Income from Sand 571.50 $0.00
Cost of sales (4,000.00) (700.00) (4,800.00)
Depreciation exp - bldg (200.00) (80.00) (305.00)
Depreciation exp - equip (700.00) (360.00) (1,000.00)
Other expense (1,800.00) (120.00) (1,920.00)
Interest expense (300.00) (140.00) (540.00)
Net income $3,095.00 $800.00
Total consolidated income $3,158.50
Noncontrolling interest
share 63.50
Controlling interest share $3,095.00
* Cost of sales, building depreciation and interest expense are increased by $100, $25,
and $100, and equipment depreciation is $60 lower than the sum of Pilot and
Sand.
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-33
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Key Income Statement Items
• The Income from Subsidiary account is
eliminated.
• Current period amortizations are included
in the appropriate expense accounts.
• Noncontrolling interest share of net income
is proportional to the Income from
Subsidiary under the equity method.
$571.50 x .10/.90
= $63.50
© Pearson Education, Inc.
3-34
publishing as Prentice Hall
 Push-Down Accounting
• SEC requirement
– Subsidiary is substantially wholly-owned (approx. 90%)
– No publicly held debt or preferred stock
• Books of the subsidiary are adjusted
– Assets, including goodwill, and liabilities revalued
based on acquisition price
– Retained earnings is replaced by Push-Down Capital
which includes retained earnings and the valuation
adjustments

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-35
publishing as Prentice Hall
 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America.

COPYRIGHT © 2009 PEARSON EDUCATION, INC.  

PUBLISHING AS PRENTICE HALL

© Pearson Education, Inc.

3-36
publishing as Prentice Hall