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Speech and Language Disorders

This document discusses various speech and language disorders, including: [1] Apraxia of Speech, which is the inability to perform voluntary speech actions despite physical ability; [2] Stuttering, which involves repetition, prolongation, or blocks in speech; and [3] Dysarthria, an inability to speak due to motor speech area damage causing slurred speech. It also covers other disorders like lisping, spasmodic dysphonia, cluttering, muteness, aphasia, speech delay, and issues related to autism. Speech-language pathologists help people develop communication skills through techniques like articulation practice, fluency training, voice improvement, and augmentative communication systems.

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Angelica Ramos
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142 views33 pages

Speech and Language Disorders

This document discusses various speech and language disorders, including: [1] Apraxia of Speech, which is the inability to perform voluntary speech actions despite physical ability; [2] Stuttering, which involves repetition, prolongation, or blocks in speech; and [3] Dysarthria, an inability to speak due to motor speech area damage causing slurred speech. It also covers other disorders like lisping, spasmodic dysphonia, cluttering, muteness, aphasia, speech delay, and issues related to autism. Speech-language pathologists help people develop communication skills through techniques like articulation practice, fluency training, voice improvement, and augmentative communication systems.

Uploaded by

Angelica Ramos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 11:

Speech &
Language
Disorders
01
How do Speech
and Language
Develop?
01
Babies begin to sort out the speech sounds that compose
words of their language. By 6 months of age , most babies
recognize the basic sounds of their native language. The
brain is developing and maturing in the first 3 ages of life,
These skills develop best in a world that is rich with
sounds, sights, and consistent exposure to the speech and
language of others. There appear to be critical periods for
speech.
02
What are the Milestones
for
Speech and Language
Development?
02
• Birth to 3 months- Cry will bring food, comfort and
companionship.
Smile and interact with others.

• 4 to 7 months- Babble/babbling

• 7 to 12 months- Making many sounds and using hand


gestures
02
• 12 to 18 months- say more than few words

• 2 to 3 years- put words together to form sentences

• 3 years- correctly produce vowels and p, b, m, w


and can speak without stuttering
02
• 4 years- correctly produce t, d, k, g, f
repeat without becoming frustrated or sensitive

• 5 years- correctly produce most speech sounds and no


frustration when asked to repeat
03
What is the
Difference between a
Speech Disorder and
a Language Disorder?
03
Language Disorder
It is difficulty getting meaning across speech, writing, or even
gestures.
Receptive language – Children who have trouble understanding
what others say.
Expressive Language – Children who have difficulty sharing
their thoughts.

Specific Language Impairements –(SLI)


- It is a language disorder delays the mastery of language skills.
03

Speech Disorder
- Children who have trouble producing speech
sounds correctly or who hesitate or stutterwhen talking.
Types of Speech
and Language
Disorders
01 02 03 04
Apraxia of Speech Stuttering Dysarthria Lisping
(AOS)

05 06 07 08
Spasmodic Dysphonia Cluttering Muteness Aphasia
(SD) -Selective Mutism

09 10
Speech Delay – Alalia Issues related
to autism
01
Apraxia of Speech
(AOS)

• Incapability to perform voluntary actions despite the will and


physical capacity to perform them.
• The person knows what they want to say – they can even
write what they want to say on paper – however the brain is
unable to send the correct messages so that speech muscles
can articulate what they want to say, even though the speech
muscles themselves work just fine.
• Acquired AOS and Childhood AOS
02
Stuttering

• Stuttering or stammering. Repetition of sounds,


syllables or words; prolongation of sounds; and
interruptions in speech known as blocks.

• Knows what he/she would like to say but has


trouble producing a normal flow of speech.
03
Dysarthria

• Inability to speak due to damage to the motor


speech areas of the cerebrum.
• Physical deficits that affect speech.
• Experienced “slurred” or “mumbled” speech due to
limited lip, tongue and jaw movement. There may
be hoarseness or breathiness.
04
Lisping

• Lisping is a lips impairment that a person


misarticulates s, z, th,, True lisping is the inability to
accurately speak /s/ and /z/ sounds caused by
wrong tongue placements in the mouth, which in
turn controls airflow inside of the mouth, distorting
words and syllables.
05
Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD)

• Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal


dystonia, is a neurologic disorder that can affect
the voice and speech. It causes involuntary
spasms in the muscles of the voice box or larynx.
This causes the voice to break and have a tight,
strained or strangled sound.
06
Cluttering

• Cluttering involves speech that sounds rapid,


unclear, and/or disorganized. The listener may hear
excessive breaks in the normal flow of speech that
sounds like disorganized speech planning, talking
too fast or in spurts, or simply being unsure of what
one wants to say
07
Muteness-Selective Mutism

• Selective mutism is when a person does not speak


in some or most situations, however, that a person
is physically capable of speaking.
• Children with selective mutism are usually shy
children, but shy children don't usually have
selective mutism.
08
Aphasia

• It is a condition that affects your ability to


communicate. It can affect your speech, as well as
the way, write and understand both spoken and
written language.
• Common causes of Aphasia: (a) brain tumor, (b)
traumatic brain injuries and (c) degenerative brain
injuries
Expressive Aphasia (Broca's or non-fluent Aphasia)

• People with this


pattern struggle
to get words out,
speak in short
sentences and
omit words.
Comprehensive Aphasia (Fluent or Wernicke's Aphasia)

• They may speak


easily and fluently in
long, complex
sentences that don't
make sense or
include
unrecognizable,
incorrect words.
Global Aphasia

• It is about poor
comprehension
and difficulty
forming words
and sentences.
09
Speech Delay – Alalia

• A speech delay, known professionals a "alalia"


• It refers to the phenomenon when a child not making normal
attempts to verbally communicate.
By 2 years old:
•can only imitate speech or actions and doesn't produce words
or phrases
•says only some words or sounds repeatedly
•can't follow simple directions.
10
Issues related to autism

• While autism spectrum itself is not a speech


disorder, it make this list because the two go
hand-in-hand more often than not.
Teaching Strategies

Speech-language pathologists provide a variety of


professional services aimed at helping people develop
effective communication skills. These services may
include:
• Helping children with articulation disorders to learn
proper production of speech sounds
• Helping children who stutter to speak more fluently
• Assisting children with voice disorders to improve
their voice quality
Teaching Strategies

• Helping individuals with aphasia to relearn speech


and language skills
• Assisting individuals who have difficulty swallowing
as a result of illness, surgery, stroke, or injury
• Evaluating, selecting, and developing augmentative
and alternative communication systems
• Enhancing communication effectiveness

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