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MylatestSOS BLS ACLS Lecture

Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) provide the knowledge and skills to treat cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies. BLS focuses on high-quality CPR, use of an AED, and clearing the airway. It emphasizes chest compressions over ventilations by a ratio of 30:2. ACLS training provides interventions for cardiac arrest rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and techniques including defibrillation, drug therapy, and post-cardiac arrest care to improve outcomes. Both aim to strengthen the chain of survival through early recognition, prevention, and treatment of emergencies.

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Armin Mercado
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147 views

MylatestSOS BLS ACLS Lecture

Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) provide the knowledge and skills to treat cardiac arrest and other life-threatening emergencies. BLS focuses on high-quality CPR, use of an AED, and clearing the airway. It emphasizes chest compressions over ventilations by a ratio of 30:2. ACLS training provides interventions for cardiac arrest rhythms like ventricular fibrillation and techniques including defibrillation, drug therapy, and post-cardiac arrest care to improve outcomes. Both aim to strengthen the chain of survival through early recognition, prevention, and treatment of emergencies.

Uploaded by

Armin Mercado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Life Support (BLS)

Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support


(ACLS)
American Heart Association (AHA)

ARMIN T. MERCADO, REMT, RN, MN


TRAINING OFFICER
METRO LEMERY MEDICAL CENTER
 General Objective
To equip the nursing staff with basic knowledge, skills and attitude
to perform with confidence basic life support techniques to save
lives.

After the training, the participants will be able to:


1. Define Basic life Support.
2. Explain steps and component of BLS
3. Demonstrate how to provide rescue breathing alone for an adult,
child & infant who show signs of circulation but have inadequate
or not breathing;
4. Demonstrate how to provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation to an
adult, child & infant,
5. Explain about the defiibrillator.
Introduction
 Heart diseases are the number 1 killer in our
country, accounting for 20% of all causes of death
 Approximately half of all deaths from
cardiovascular disease occur as SUDDEN
CARDIAC ARREST
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
 Can happen anytime, to anyone, anywhere
without warning

 Associatedwith low survival rate and major


severe mental impairment
 Early Warning signs:  Early Warning signs:
Heart Attack Respiratory Arrest
• Dizziness, light-headedness  difficulty breathing or shortness of
breath, especially when active.
or feeling faint. ...
 coughing up mucous.
 Nausea, indigestion, or
vomiting. ...  wheezing.

 Shortness of breath. ...  bluish tint to the skin, lips, or


fingernails.
 Sweating or a cold sweat. ...  rapid breathing.
 No warning signs at all.  fatigue.
 anxiety.
 confusion.
Equipment Needed During
SOS

 Facemask  Face Shield


 Disposable Gloves
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING SOS
 Cardiac Board  E-cart
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING SOS

 Cardiac Monitor  Defibrillator


AED
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING SOS

 Bag Valve Mask (  Laryngoscope


Ambubag)
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING SOS

Endotracheal
 Tube (E.  Guide Wire
T Tube)
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING
SOS

 10cc syringe

Water-based
 Lubricant
(KY Jelly)
EQUIPMENT NEEDED DURING SOS
 Leukoplast  Stethoscope
Common Medications Used During SOS

•Epinephrine

1 mg every 3-5
minutes
Common Medications Used During SOS

•Amiodarone

First dose: 300 mg bolus.


Second dose: 150 mg.
Common Medications Used During SOS

•Atropine Sulfate
Common Medications Used During SOS

•Sodium
Bicarbonate
Heart Attack versus
Sudden Cardiac Arrest
Basic Life Support (BLS)
Basic Life Support (BLS) refers to the care that
healthcare providers and public safety
professionals provide to patients who are
experiencing respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest or
airway obstruction. BLS includes psychomotor
skills for performing high-quality cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR), using an automated external
defibrillator (AED) and relieving an obstructed
airway for patients of all ages.
Basic Life Support (BLS)
 BLS impacts multiple key links in the chain of
survival that include interventions to prevent
cardiac arrest, treat cardiac arrest, and improve
outcomes of patients who achieve return of
spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after cardiac arrest

 Interventions aimed at preventing cardiac arrest


include airway management, ventilation support,
and treatment of brady-arrhythmias and tachy-
arrhythmias.
A Change From A-B-C to C-A-B
Chest compressions
Chest compressions consist of forceful rhythmic applications of
pressure over the lower half of the sternum.
High quality CPR
Steps of BLS
Airway and Ventilations
 Opening airway – Head tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust

 The untrained rescuer will provide hands-only (compression-only – CPR)


 The health care provider should open the airway and give rescue
breaths with chest compressions
Rescue breaths
 By mouth-to-mouth or bag-mask device
 Deliver each rescue breath over 1 second every 5-6
seconds
 Give a sufficient tidal volume to produce visible chest
rise
 Use a compression to ventilation ratio of 30 chest
compressions to 2 ventilations
 After advanced airway is placed, rescue breaths
given asynchronous with ventilation
 1 breath every 6 to 8 seconds (about 8 to 10 breaths
per minute)
Rescue breaths
Rescue breaths
Early Recognition and Prevention

V visualize
verbalize
vital signs
O oxygenation (provide O2 if <94%)
M monitor (white to right, snow over trees,
smoke over fire)
I intravenous (IV) line
T treatment
advanced cardiovascular life
support (ACLS)
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced
cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to
a set of clinical interventions for the urgent
treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other
life-threatening medical emergencies, as
well as the knowledge and skills to deploy
those interventions.
advanced cardiovascular life
support (ACLS)
V visualize
verbalize
vital signs
O oxygenation (provide O2 if <94%)
M monitor (white to right, snow over trees,
smoke over fire)
I intravenous (IV) line
T treatment
Proper Placement of Chest Leads
UNDERSTANDING TEAM ROLES
During a resuscitation attempt, you should understand not only your role but
all the roles of other team members to help you anticipate what actions will
be performed next and how to communicate and work as a member

Team Leader assigns roles and makes treatment decisions


provides feedback (when needed) to the rest of the
team
Compressor does 5 cycles of chest compressions
Airway opens the airway; provides bag-mask ventilation
(and uses airway adjuncts as appropriate)
Monitor/Defibrillator brings and operates Monitor/Defibrillator
may alternate with Compressor every 5 cycles
Observer/Recorder records the time of interventions (and frequency
and duration of interruptions in compressions) and
communicates these to the Team Leader
IV/IO/Medications initiates IV/IO access; administers medications
Cardiac arrest

Cardiac arrest can be caused by four 4 rhythms:


1. Ventricular Fibrillation (VF)
2. Supraventricular / Ventricular Tachycardia (SVT/VT)
3. Pulseless Electric Activity (PEA)
4. Asystole

How to recognise cardiac arrest ..?


Normal ECG
Defibrillation
Defibrillation does not restart the heart.
Defibrillation stuns the heart and briefly terminates
all electrical activity including VF and VT. If the heart
is still viable, its normal pacemakers may eventually
resume activity (return of spontaneous rhythm that
ultimately results in a perfusing rhythm.
Defibrillation
Defibrillation Sequence
Turn the AED on.
Follow the AED prompts.
Resume chest compressions immediately after the shock.

Shock Energy
Biphasic: manufacturer recommendation (initial dose of
120-200J), if unknown, use maximum available. Second and
subsequent doses should be equivalent, and higher doses
may be considered.
 Monophasic : 360J
Drug therapy
1. Peripheral IV Drug Delivery (antecubital)
2. Intra-osseous (IO) Drug Delivery
3. Endotracheal Drug Delivery - lidocaine,
epinephrine, atropine, naloxone and
vasopressin
 Dose : 2 to 2 ½ times the recommended IV
dose
Return of Spontaneous Circulation
Treat Possible Causes of Cardiac Arrest: The H’s and T’s
H’s T’s
Hypoxia Toxins
Hypovolemia Tamponade (cardiac)
Hydrogen ion (acidosis) Tension pneumothorax
Hypo/hyperkalemia Thrombosis, pulmonary
Hypothermia Thrombosis, coronary

GCS 3 – Comatose
 Induced Therapeutic Hypothermia
NGT

POST– CARDIAC 12 Lead


XRAY
ARREST CARE ECG

Foley Catheter
advanced cardiovascular life
support (ACLS)
THANK YOU

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