Scribd
Upload
48 views25 pages

STRUCTURES

Structures allow grouping of related data types under a single name. The struct keyword is used to define structures. Structure variables can be created and members accessed using dot (.) or arrow (->) operators. Structures can be passed to functions, returned from functions, and pointers to structures used. Arrays of structures and nested structures are also possible. Functions can be written to work with structures, such as computing distances between points or areas of rectangles.

Uploaded by

Grusan Dujin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
48 views25 pages

STRUCTURES

Structures allow grouping of related data types under a single name. The struct keyword is used to define structures. Structure variables can be created and members accessed using dot (.) or arrow (->) operators. Structures can be passed to functions, returned from functions, and pointers to structures used. Arrays of structures and nested structures are also possible. Functions can be written to work with structures, such as computing distances between points or areas of rectangles.

Uploaded by

Grusan Dujin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

STRUCTURES

• Structure is a collection of variables (can be of different types) under


a single name.
• Keyword struct is used for creating a structure.

struct Person
{
char name[50];
int age;
float salary;
};
Create structure variable
struct Person
struct Person
{
{
char name[50];
char name[50];
int age;
int age;
float salary;
float salary;
};
} person1, person2, p[20];
int main()
{
struct Person person1, person2, p[20];
return 0;
}
Keyword typedef

• Keyword typedef can be used to simplify syntax of a structure.

struct Distance{ typedef struct Distance{


int feet; int feet;
float inch;
float inch;
} distances;
};
int main() {
int main() { distances dist1, dist2, sum;
struct Distance d1, d2; }
}
How to Access members of a structure?

• There are two types of operators used for accessing members of a


structure.
• Member operator(.)
• Structure pointer operator(->)
• Suppose, you want to access salary of person2. Here's how you can
do it:
• person2.salary
Initialize Structrue
• We can initialize pt by pt.x=10.0; pt.y=2.0;

• Another way to initialize pt is point pt={10.0, 2.0}; In this case, x gets


the first value and y gets the second.
Nested Structures

• You can create structures within a structure in C programming. For


example:
struct complex Suppose, you want to set imag of num2
{ variable to 11. Here's how you can do it:
int imag;
float real; num2.comp.imag = 11;
};

struct number
{
struct complex comp;
int integers;
} num1, num2;
Structures & Pointers
• Structures can be accessed using pointers. Here's how:

In this example, the address of person1 is stored


in personPtr pointer variable using code
personPtr = &person1;.

Now, you can access members of person1 using


personPtr pointer. For that we use -> operator.
• personPtr->age is equivalent to (*personPtr).age
• personPtr->weight is equivalent to (*personPtr).weight
Pass structure to a function
Breakdown of scanf("%*[^\n]%*c"):

%[^\n] scans everything until a \n, but doesn't scan in the \n.
%*c scans a single character, which will be the \n left over by %*[^\n] in this case. The
asterisk instructs scanf to discard the scanned character.

Here, a structure variable s1 of type struct student is


created. This structure variable is passed to the
display() function using display(s1); statement.
Returning structure from a function

Here, getInformation() function is called using s = getInformation();


statement.
The function returns a structure of type struct student.
The returned structure is displayed from the main() function.

Notice that, the return type of getInformation() is struct student.


Passing structure by
reference
• In the above program, three structure
variables c1, c2 and the address of result is
passed to the addNumbers() function. Here,
result variable is passed by reference.
• When result variable inside the addNumbers()
is altered, result variable inside the main()
function is also altered accordingly.
• Problem 1. Provide an implementation of a function POINTdist() that
computes the Euclidean distance between two Points.
typedef struct {
double x;
double y; } Point;
Problem 2.
• Define a type Rect for rectangles that are parallel to the axes in a
Cartesian coordinate system. Represent a rectangle by its lower left and
upper right endpoints using the Point type above.
a. Write a function RECTarea() that computes the area of a rectangle.
b. Write a function that returns 1 if a point falls within a rectangle, 0 otherwise.
c. Write a function that returns 1 if the first rectangle is completely contained
inside the second rectangle, and 0 other-wise. Hint: check if the lower left and upper
right endpoints of the first rectangle fall within the second rectangle.
int RECTintersectsRect(Rect r1, Rect r2) {
return POINTinRect(r1.upperleft, r2) ||
POINTinRect(r1.lowerright, r2) ||
POINTinRect(r2.upperleft, r1) ||
POINTinRect(r2.lowerright, r1);
}
• Problem 3. Write a program that reads in a list of points (given by
their x and y coordinates) and determines the pair that is the farthest
apart. Hint: store them in an array and use the POINTdist() function.
• Problem 4. The code below makes use of square brackets and the
arrow (->) operator. Rewrite it in terms of only dereferencing (*) and
pointer addition (+).
Problem 5. Consider the following C
program.
• Predict the result of each of the printf
lines. (Some may cause compiler errors.)
• b. List three different ways you could fill
in the blank in the statement below to
print the value 781 by extracting it from
• the data structures given in the above
program.
• printf("%d\n", ______ );
• Do the same for the values 77 and 87.
SELFCHECK 
• https://sites.cs.ucsb.edu/~
kyledewey/cs24/exams/exam1/exam1reviewsolutions.html

• https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/spring2000/cs126/exe
rcises/structs.txt

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy