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Onion Seed Production in Pakistan: Muhammad Akif Khan

Onion is an important vegetable crop that has been cultivated since ancient times in Egypt. It is a biennial crop that is usually grown as an annual. Onions grow best in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH between 5.8-6.5. In Pakistan, the main onion producing provinces are Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan. Sindh produces over 40% of Pakistan's onions, with the top producing districts being Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, and Jamshoro. Onions require specific climate and soil conditions to produce bulbs and are planted through various methods including direct seeding, transplanting seedlings, and using sets.

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316 views26 pages

Onion Seed Production in Pakistan: Muhammad Akif Khan

Onion is an important vegetable crop that has been cultivated since ancient times in Egypt. It is a biennial crop that is usually grown as an annual. Onions grow best in fertile, well-drained soil with a pH between 5.8-6.5. In Pakistan, the main onion producing provinces are Sindh, Punjab, and Balochistan. Sindh produces over 40% of Pakistan's onions, with the top producing districts being Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, and Jamshoro. Onions require specific climate and soil conditions to produce bulbs and are planted through various methods including direct seeding, transplanting seedlings, and using sets.

Uploaded by

Akif Khan
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Onion Seed

Production In
Pakistan
Muhammad Akif Khan
History Of
Onion:
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is since ancient times a valuable vegetable crop for people all over the world. In
this context a mural from Egypt, dated approximately 3000 BC, depicts already images of onions.
Therefore it can be inferred that onions were already an important food source for the people from the
Ancient Egypt. The word “onion” is derived from Latin and means “large pearl”. The onion was compared
to a pearl not only for its shape but also for its highly valuable nutritional quality.
Basic informa-
tion:
The onion is a hardy cool-season biennial but usually grown as annual crop.
The onion has narrow, hollow leaves and a base which enlarges to form a bulb.
The bulb can be white, yellow, or red and require 80 to 150 days to reach har-
vest.
Onion Scientific classification:

Kingdom: Plantae

Clade: Tracheophytes

Clade: Angiosperms

Clade: Monocots

Order: Asparagales

Family: Amaryllidaceae

Subfamily: Allioideae

Genus: Allium
Species: A. cepa
Binomial name
Allium cepa
L.
Agronomy Practices Of Onion:

Climate:
• Onion is cool season crop
• Essential requirements for bulbs formation of most of commercial
varieties are:
1-Long Photoperiod
2-High Temperature
Soil:
• It can grow on nearly all types of soils but more suitable soils
are:
1-Fertile
2-Rich in humus
3-Well drained
• Optimum pH range from 5.8-6.5
• It is sensitive to high acidity
Planting Time:
Province Nursery Sowing Transplanting Harvesting
 

Punjab October/November December/January May-June

KPK October December/January June/July

(Lower June-September July-October October-February


Sindh) October-December November-Febru- March-May
(Uper Sindh) ary
Baluchistan - February-March September-November
(Direct Seeding)
Manure And Fertilizer:
• Application of fertilizers depends on soil type, previous fertilizer
applications & crop purpose.
• Due to limited root system, they responds to good fertilizer
practices on almost any soil.
• Recommendations:
1-FYM=40-50 t/ha
2-NPK=120-60-60 kg/ha
• Half dose of ‘N’ is to be top dressed after one month; the rest
at the time of transplanting
Sowing Method:  

There are 3 methods commonly used in planting onions


1. Seed (direct seeding)
2. 2. Seedling plants or Transplants They are grown on nursary.
They are the easiest to plant and the earliest to harvest
3. 3. Sets (small partely grown onion bulbs)
Onion Nursery:
Sowing Of Onion Sets Of Ridges:
Seed Rate:
 
• Seed rate depend upon the:
1-Purpose of planting
2-Distance
• In nursery (8-10 kg/ha)
• For direct sowing (25 kg/ha)
• For bulb sowing (we use 1000-1200 kg bulbs/ha)
Spacing:

• Seedlings are transplanted onto ridges or beds


• Recommended distances:
1-Ridges to ridges=60 cm
2-Plant to plant=10-15 cm
• Plant population=50-62 plants/square meter
Irrigation:

• Correct timing depend upon the following factors:


1-Soil
2-Current weather conditions
3-Age of the crop
• Seedbed is irrigated just after transplanting
• It is stopped when the tops mature and start falling
Seed Separation:
Seed Separation Methods:

The seed of onion can be separated by the following methods:


1 Seed to seed method
2 Bulb to bulb method
Seed To Seed Method:

In this method seedlings are transplanted in first week of October and allow over-wintering at the same
place and allowing bolting (flowering). The seed are threshed from the mature umbel. This method does
not allow to examine the mature bulb characters and field is rogued for off-types. Seed to seed method
is not popular, since all the variety are not suitable for annual seed production due to poor bolting habit
and lower seed yield. The seed produced in this method is not suitable for further multiplication. The
seeds produced from this method having low genetic purity, But advantage here is low cost of seed
production compared to bulb to seed method.
Bulb To Seed Method

Here in first season bulbs are produced, which after maturity are harvested and bulbs which are true to
type are sorted and stored. The rabi and late kharif varities are stored for next season and kharif varities
are given rest for 15-30 days. The stored bulbs are planted in the next season to produce seeds. Top 1/3
portion of the bulb is cut to examine the number of axis of growing center preferably single centered and
medium to large sized bulbs should be chosen and soaked in Ig/litre bavistin & corbosulphon 1m/litre.
This method is widely practised it allows us to examine the bulb characteristics and rouging of undesirable
bulbs hence genetic purity is high in this method of seed production One hectare of bulbs from the first
year will plant 3-5 ha for the seed production. The bulbs selected for seed production and usually referred
to as mothers bulbs. 4-6 cm size bulbs are selected for getting good crop (Pandey 1996).
Major onion Producing Provinces in Pakistan (As of 2016):

Area Area share Yield


(000ha) (%) (tonn
Production Production e/ha)
S #. Province
(000Ton) Share (%)

1 Sindh 692.3 44.2 51.7 38.0 13.4

2 Punjab 328.2 21.0 44.7 32.9 7.3

3 Balochis- 514.6 32.9 27.3 20.1 18.8


tan
4 KP 201.4 12.9 12.3 9.0 16.4

5 Pakistan 1736.5 100 136.0 100 12.8


Major onion producing Countries of the world 2016:

Ran Area (000 Production (000


Country Country tonnes)
k ha)
1 India 1306 China, mainland 24284
2 China, mainland 1101 India 22427
3 Nigeria 556 United States of Amer- 3732
ica
4 Bangladesh 186 Iran (Islamic Republic 2379
of)
5 Indonesia 158 Egypt 2379
6 Pakistan 138 Russian Federation 2136
7 Viet Nam 98 Turkey 2132
8 Sudan 97 Bangladesh 1867
9 Uganda 86 Pakistan 1833
10 Russian F. 83 Netherlands 1780
World Total 5202 978 63
District-level onion production in Sindh, 2016:
District/ Area in Ha Production in Tonnes Share in production %
Mirpurkhas 9103 116071 16.64
Umerkot 8638 100921 14.47
Jamshoro 5594 77411 11.1
Matiari 4978 72218 10.35
Sanghar 4806 66031 9.46
S. Benazir Abad 4537 65026 9.32
Sind Cluster 37656 497678 71.37
Dadu 3285 45653 6.54
Thatta 2907 34193 4.9
Tando Allahyar 2624 36830 5.28
T.M.Khan 1292 14032 2.01
N. Feroze 879 12155 1.74
Jacobabad 839 11609 1.66
Larkana 611 8395 1.2
Tharparkar 482 5144 0.73
Ghotki 474 6518 0.93
Khairpur 412 5815 0.83
K. Shahdad Kot 264 3780 0.54
Sukkur 261 3637 0.52
Hyderabad 260 3726 0.53
Shikarpur 199 2557 0.36
Badin 198 2348 0.33
Kashmore 162 2290 0.26
Karachi 103 916 0.13
Non-cluster districts of
15252 199598 28.63
Sindh
Total Sindh 52908 697276 100
THANK
YOU

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