Principles o f

Cloud
Computing

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 Course S t r u c t u re
Objectives
• To introduce the cloud computing concepts and map reduce
programming model.

• To provide skills and knowledge about operations and

management in cloud technologies so as to implement large
scale systems.

• To provide skills to design suitable cloud infrastructure that

meets the business services and customer needs.

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 Course S t r u c t u re
C o u r s e Outcomes
• Understand the evolution, principles, and benefits of Cloud Computing in
order to assess existing cloud infrastructures to choose an appropriate
architecture that meets business needs.

• Decide a suitable model to capture the business needs by interpreting

different service delivery and deployment models.

• Understand virtualization foundations to cater the needs of elasticity,

portability and resilience by cloud service providers.

• Infer architectural style, work flow of real world applications and to

implement the cloud applications using map reduce programming models.

• Design a cloud framework with appropriate resource management policies

and mechanism.

• Compare operation and economic models of various trending cloud platforms

prevailing in IT industry.
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 Course S t r u c t u re
Syllabus
• Module 1: Foundations of Cloud: Inception and need for cloud computing: Motivations
from distributed computing predecessors - Evolution - Characteristics - Business
Benefits
– Challenges in cloud computing - Exploring the Cloud Computing Stack - Fundamental
Cloud Architectures – Advanced Cloud Architectures - Specialised Cloud Architectures

• Module 2: Service Delivery and Deployment Models: Service Models (XaaS):

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - Platform as a Service (PaaS) - Software as a
Service(SaaS) - Deployment Models: Types of cloud - Public cloud - Private cloud -
Hybrid cloud – Service level agreements - Types of SLA – Lifecycle of SLA- SLA
Management

• Module 3: Cloud Resource Virtualisation: Virtualisation as Foundation of Cloud –

Understanding Hypervisors – Understanding Machine Image and Instances - Managing
Instances – Virtual Machine Provisioning and Service Migrations

• Module 4: Cloud Computing: Applications and Paradigms: Existing Cloud Applications

and Opportunities for New Applications - Architectural Styles for Cloud Applications -
Workflows: Coordination of Multiple Activities - Coordination Based on a State Machine
GrepTheWeb
Model: Application
The ZooKeeper - The MapReduce Programming Model - A Case Study: The
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 Course S t r u c t u re
Syllabus
• Module 5: Resource Management and Scheduling in Cloud: Policies and
Mechanisms for Resource Management – Stability of a Two-Level Resource
Allocation Architecture- Feedback Control Based on Dynamic Thresholds -
Coordination of Specialised Autonomic Performance Managers - A Utility-Based
Model for Cloud-Based Web Services - Resource Bundling: Combinatorial
Auctions for Cloud Resources – Scheduling Algorithms for Computing Clouds -
Resource Management and Dynamic Application Scaling

• Module 6: Cloud Platforms and Application Development: Comparing Amazon

web services, Google AppEngine, Microsoft Azure from the perspective of
architecture (Compute, Storage Communication) services and cost models. Cloud
application development using third party APIs, Working with EC2 API – Google
App Engine API - Facebook API, Twitter API.

• Module 7: Advances is Cloud: Media Clouds - Security Clouds - Computing

Clouds - Mobile Clouds – Federated Clouds – Hybrid Clouds

• Module 8: Recent Trends

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 Course S t r u c t u re
Books
• Text Books
• Rajkumar Buyya, James Broberg, Andrzej, M. Goscinski, Cloud Computing:
Principles and Paradigms, Wiley, 1st Edition, 2013.

• Sosinsk, Barrie, Cloud Computing Bible, John Wiley & Sons, 1st Edition, 2011.
• Reference Books
• Marinescu, Dan C. Cloud Computing: Theory and Practice. Morgan
Kaufmann, 2017.

• Toby Velte, Anthony Velte, Robert Elsenpeter, Cloud Computing: A Practical

Approach, M c Graw Hill Education, 1st Edition, 2017.

• Buyya, Rajkumar, Christian Vecchiola, and S. Thamarai Selvi. Mastering Cloud

Computing: Foundations and Applications Programming, Tata Mcgraw Hill,
1st Edition, 2017.

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 Course S t r u c t u re
Assessment & Evaluation
• Digital Assignment 1 – 10 Marks (Before CAT 1)
• Technical Quiz 1 – 10 Marks (Before CAT 2)
• Technical Quiz 2 – 10 Marks (Before FAT)
• CAT 1 – 15 Marks (will be scheduled by
university)

• CAT 2 - 15 Marks (will be scheduled by university)

• FAT – 40 Marks (will be scheduled by university)

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 Principles o f
Cloud
Computing
M od u le - I: F o u n d a t i o n s o f C l o u d

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 Need for Cloud Computing

 The cloud enables users to access the same files and

applications from almost any device, because the
computing and storage takes place on servers in a
data center, instead of locally on the user device.

 The cloud can also make it easier for

companies to operate internationally, because
employees and customers can access the same
files and applications from any location

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 Definition

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of on-demand computing

services including IT infrastructure, storage, network systems, and
applications over the internet. Services are provided by a third-party
vendor who handles the management and maintenance of the
physical data centers where the cloud services live.
Motivations from distributed computing
predecessors
.

•Let us review the scenario of computing prior to the announcement and availability of
cloud computing.
• The users who are in need of computing are expected to invest money on computing
resources such as hardware, software, networking, and storage.
• This investment naturally costs a bulk currency to the users as they have to buy these
computing resources, keep these in their premises, and maintain and make it operational
—all these tasks would add cost.
• And, this is a particularly true and huge expenditure to the enterprises that require
enormous computing power and resources, compared with classical academics and
individuals.
One can compare this situation with the usage of electricity (its services) from its
producer-cum-distributor to houses or organizations;
• here, we do not generate electricity rather, we use it only to tune up our requirements
in our premises, such as for our lighting and usage of other electrical appliances. • pay as
per the electricity meter reading value.
• Therefore, cloud computing is needed in getting the services of computing resources.
• Thus, one can say as a one-line answer to the need for cloud computing that it eliminates
a large computing investment without compromising the use of computing at the user
level at an operational cost.

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D i s t r i b u t e d computi ng:
A distributed system consists of a collection of autonomous computers,
connected through a network and distribution middleware, which
enables computers to coordinate their activities and to share the
resources of the system so that users perceive the system as a single,
integrated computing facility.
Let us say about Google Web Server, from users perspective while they
submit the searched query, they assume google web server as a single
system. However, behind the curtain, Google has built a lot of servers
which is distributed (geographically and computationally) to give us the
result within a few seconds.
Three major milestones have led to cloud computing:

• Mainframe Computing
• Cluster Computing
• Grid Computing
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Main frame Computing

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Main frame Computing
• Large computational facilities - multiple processing units.
• Powerful, highly reliable computers.
• Large data movement and massive input/output (I/O) operations.
• Bulk data processing tasks such as online transactions, enterprise resource planning,
etc.

• Mainframes cannot be considered distributed systems, its follows client-server

architecture.

• Multiple processors were presented as a single entity to users.

• “Always on” and capable of tolerating failures transparently.
• Batch processing was the main application of mainframes
• Still it is used in online banking, airline ticket booking, supermarket and telcos, and
government services

• High costs of obtain hardware , licensing the software .

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Cluster Computing

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Cluster Computing

• Low-cost alternative to the use of mainframes and supercomputers.

• Cheap commodity machines are connected by a high-bandwidth network
and controlled by specific software tools that manage them as a single
system.

• Standard technology for parallel and high-performance computing

• Contributed to evolution of tools and frameworks for distributed computing
• The computational power of commodity machines could be leveraged to
solve problems by providing faster computational speed .

• Clusters could be easily extended if more computational power was

required.

• It is difficult to find fault and determine which component has a problem.

• Some of the popular implementations of cluster computing are Google search
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engine, Earthquake Simulation, Petroleum Reservoir Simulation, and Weather
Grid Computing

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Grid Computing (In Analogy to power grid)

• To access large computational power, huge storage facilities, and a variety of

services.

• Grid computing technology integrates servers, storage systems, and networks

distributed within the network to form an integrated system and provide users with
powerful computing and storage capacity.

• Users can “consume” resources in the same way as they use other utilities such as
power, gas, and water.

• Aggregations of geographically dispersed clusters by means of Internet connections.

• A computing grid was a dynamic aggregation of heterogeneous computing nodes, and
its scale was nationwide or even worldwide.

• Manage heterogeneous and loosely coupled resources in an efficient way in this

distributed system, and to coordinate these resources through a task scheduler so they
can complete specific cooperative computing tasks.

• Grid computing is used in various types of applications such as mathematical,

scientific, and educational tasks via various computing resources
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