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Lecture No. 1 Intro To Statistics

This document outlines the course syllabus for an introduction to statistics class. It covers 9 topics: 1) the nature and types of statistics, 2) data types and organization, 3) measures of central tendency and variability, 4) the normal distribution, 5) hypothesis testing, 6) inferential statistics techniques like z-tests, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression, 7) coding data in Excel and SPSS, 8) the two branches of statistics - descriptive statistics which organizes and summarizes data, and inferential statistics which draws conclusions about populations from samples, 9) examples of applying statistics in business, medicine, and politics. Descriptive and inferential statistics are further defined.

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Czarina Guevarra
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198 views18 pages

Lecture No. 1 Intro To Statistics

This document outlines the course syllabus for an introduction to statistics class. It covers 9 topics: 1) the nature and types of statistics, 2) data types and organization, 3) measures of central tendency and variability, 4) the normal distribution, 5) hypothesis testing, 6) inferential statistics techniques like z-tests, t-tests, ANOVA, correlation, and regression, 7) coding data in Excel and SPSS, 8) the two branches of statistics - descriptive statistics which organizes and summarizes data, and inferential statistics which draws conclusions about populations from samples, 9) examples of applying statistics in business, medicine, and politics. Descriptive and inferential statistics are further defined.

Uploaded by

Czarina Guevarra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction To Statistics

Basic Concepts

Rowina M. Twaño, DBA, RECE


Professor
COURSE SYLLABUS
I. INTRODUCTION
◗The Nature of Statistics
◗Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
◗Qualitative and Quantitative Statistics 3
 II. DATA
◗Types of Data
◗4 Levels of Measurement
◗Presentation of Data
i. Sources of Data
ii.Types of Data
III. ORGANIZING OF DATA
i. Frequency Distribution
Ii. Types of Graphs
IV. DATA GATHERING
A. Population and Sample
◗Types of Sampling Technique
◗Random Sampling
◗Non-Random Sampling
◗Computation of Sample
COURSE SYLLABUS
V. MEASURES of CENTRAL TENDENCY &VARIABILITY
A. Mean, Median and Mode 4
◗Computation for Group and Ungroup
◗Types of Measures of Variability
a. Range
b. Inter-Quartlie
c. Variance
d. Standard Deviation
e. Computation for group and Ungroup Variability
VI. NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
◗A. Nature of Normally Distributed Data
◗B. Kurtosis & Skewness
◗C. Probability in Normal Distribution
VII. HYPOTHESIS
◗ Development of Hypothesis
◗Type I and Type II
◗Writing Hypotheses of quantitative researches
COURSE SYLLABUS
VIII. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
A. Independent and Dependent Variables 5
◗Test of Difference
◗Z test
◗t - test
◗Independent
◗Paired
◗One way t test
◗ANOVA
◗F – test
IX. INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
◗Test of Co-relational
◗Pearson R
◗Chi Square
◗Regression
◗Sample Computation
◗Interpretations
◗Non Parametric test
COURSE SYLLABUS 6

X. DATA CODING
◗(WORKSHOP)
◗A. Data coding using EXCEL
◗B. Use of SPSS program
◗C. Interpreting SPSS output
„There are three kinds of lies: lies,
damned lies, and statistics.“
(B.Disraeli)
Intro. to Statistics
■ What is Statistics?
• A branch of mathematics, the science of
collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting data to
assist in making more effective
decisions

• “…a set of procedures and rules…for


reducing large masses of data to
manageable proportions and for
allowing us to draw conclusions from
those data”
WHY STUDY STATISTICS?
1. Data are everywhere
2. Statistical techniques are used
to make many decisions that
affect our lives
3. No matter what your career,
you will make professional
decisions that involve data. An
understanding of statistical
methods will help you make
these decisions9 efectively
■ What can Stats do?
• Make data more manageable
■ Group of numbers:
6, 1, 8, 3, 5, 4, 9
■ Average is: 36/7 = 5 1/7
■ Graphs:
Uses of Statistics
■ Business: Does employee compensation affects
employee performance?
■ medical problem: What is the right amount of
dosage of drug to treatment for COVID19?
■ political science: How accurate are the gall ups
and opinion polls?
■ It can be used to test hypothesis: it can determine
whether a variable is related or not to another variable
through a test of inference such as correlation, t-test,
chi-square test, ANOVA and others. This includes the
scale of measurement and its distribution whether
normally distributed or not.
2 Branches of Statistics
1. Descriptive statistics – Methods of organizing,
summarizing, presenting and DESCRIBING data in an
informative way
•Includes the construction of graphs, charts, and tables,
and the calculation of various descriptive measures such as
averages, mean, median, mode, measures of variation,
percentiles, coefficient of variation, skewness, kurtosis,
summation and several other factors which help in the
description of a set of data
Branches of Statistics
Descriptive statistics
⚫It may answer questions like:
⚫How many students are interested to do study
TLE?
⚫What are the highest scores obtained from the
exam in Statistics?
⚫Which group of employees produced more
output?
⚫What population of DHVTSU students likes
mathematics?
Descriptive Statistics
⚫Collect data
⚫e.g., Survey
⚫Present data
⚫e.g., Tables and graphs
⚫Summarize data
⚫e.g., Sample mean =
2 Branches of Statistics
2. Inferential statistics – The methods used to determine something
about a population on the basis of a sample
Consist of methods for drawing and measuring reliability of
conclusions about population based on information obtained from a
sample. It aims to give information about a large group of data
without dealing with each and every element of these groups.
⚫Testing of hypothesis (t-test, ANOVA, z-test, simple linear
correlation, regression analysis, chi-square test, etc
2 Branches of Statistics
Descriptive
Number of
infective
COVID19 in the
Philippines?

Inferential
Number of
infective
COVID19 against
number of death in
TO GOD
be the
GLORY!!!!
18

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