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Mid Point Algo

The Mid Point Circle Drawing Algorithm generates points on a circle using a midpoint method. It takes the circle center and radius as inputs. It starts at a point on the circle and uses a decision parameter to determine the next point, generating all points in one octant. It then uses the circle's symmetry to find points in the other octants. The algorithm is efficient and easy to implement compared to other circle drawing methods.

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Vamsi Krishna
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136 views27 pages

Mid Point Algo

The Mid Point Circle Drawing Algorithm generates points on a circle using a midpoint method. It takes the circle center and radius as inputs. It starts at a point on the circle and uses a decision parameter to determine the next point, generating all points in one octant. It then uses the circle's symmetry to find points in the other octants. The algorithm is efficient and easy to implement compared to other circle drawing methods.

Uploaded by

Vamsi Krishna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mid Point Circle Drawing

Algorithm
• A circle is a set of all points that lie at an equal
distance(radius) from a fixed point called centre.
• Symmetric Figure:
• 8-way symmetry :
OCTANTS

NOTE:
• CIRCLE- 1
• SEMI CIRCLE – ½
• QUADRANT – ¼
• OCTANT – 1/8
Mid Point Circle Drawing
Algorithm

• Procedure-
 
• Given-
• Centre point of Circle = (X0, Y0)
• Radius of Circle = R

• The points generation using Mid Point Circle


Drawing Algorithm involves the following steps-
• Step-01:
 
• Assign the starting point coordinates (X0, Y0) as-
• X0 = 0
• Y0 = R
• Starting coordinate(0,R)

• Step-02:
 
• Calculate the value of initial decision parameter P0 as-
• P0 = 1 – R
• Step-03:
 
• Suppose the current point is (Xk, Yk) and the
next point is (Xk+1, Yk+1).
• Find the next point of the first octant
depending on the value of decision parameter
Pk.
• Follow the below two cases-
• Step-04:

• If the given centre point (X0, Y0) is not (0, 0), then do
the following and plot the point-
• X plot = Xc + X0
• Y plot  = Yc + Y0

• Here, (Xc, Yc) denotes the current value of X and Y


coordinates.
• Step-05:

• Keep repeating Step-03 and Step-04 until


X plot >= Y plot
 
• Step-06:

• Step-05 generates all the points for one


octant.
• To find the points for other seven octants,
follow the eight symmetry property of circle.
This is depicted by the following figure-
Problem-01:

• Given the centre point coordinates (0, 0) and radius


as 10, generate all the points to form a circle.
• Solution-

• Given-
• Centre Coordinates of Circle (X0, Y0) = (0, 0)
• Radius of Circle = 10
• Step-01:

• Assign the starting point coordinates (X0, Y0)


as-
• X0 = 0
• Y0 = R = 10
• Step-02:
 
• Calculate the value of initial decision
parameter P0 as-
• P0 = 1 – R
• P0 = 1 – 10
• P0 = -9
• Step-03:

• As Pinitial < 0, so case-01 is satisfied.

• Thus,
• Xk+1 = Xk + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
• Yk+1 = Yk = 10
• Pk+1 = Pk + 2 x Xk+1 + 1 = -9 + (2 x 1) + 1 = -6
• Step-04:

• This step is not applicable here as the given centre


point coordinates is (0, 0).
 
• Step-05:

• Step-03 is executed similarly until Xk+1 >= Yk+1 as


follows-
• Algorithm calculates all the points of octant-1
and terminates.
• Now, the points of octant-2 are obtained
using the mirror effect by swapping X and Y coordinates.
• Now, the points for rest of the part are
generated by following the signs of other
quadrants.
• The other points can also be generated by
calculating each octant separately.
• Here, all the points have been generated with
respect to quadrant-1
 
Problem-02:
• Given the centre point coordinates (4, 4) and radius as 10,
generate all the points to form a circle.
• Solution- 
• Given-
• Centre Coordinates of Circle (X0, Y0) = (4, 4)
• Radius of Circle = 10
• As stated in the algorithm,
• We first calculate the points assuming the centre
coordinates is (0, 0).
• At the end, we translate the circle.
• Step-01, Step-02 and Step-03 are already completed
in Problem-01.
• Now, we find the values of Xplot and Yplot using the
formula given in Step-04 of the main algorithm.

• The following table shows the generation of points


for Quadrant-1-
• Xplot  = Xc + X0 = 4 + X0
• Yplot = Yc + Y0 = 4 + Y0
The following table shows the points for all
the quadrants-
Sample Diagram
• Two-hundred ninety five concentric circles drawn with the midpoint
circle algorithm. On left, all circles are drawn black; on right, red,
black and blue are used together to demonstrate the concentricity
of the circles.
Disadvantages of Mid Point Circle Drawing Algorithm-
Advantages of Mid Point Circle Drawing Algorithm-

• The advantages of Mid Point Circle Drawing


Algorithm are-
• It is a powerful and efficient algorithm.
• The entire algorithm is based on the simple
equation of circle X2 + Y2 = R2.
• It is easy to implement from the programmer’s
perspective.
• This algorithm is used to generate curves on
raster displays.

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