ISO 14001 - 2004

IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT  83% of the commercial energy used in the world comes from non-renewable sources  Everyday the worldwide economy burns an amount of energy that the planet required 10,000 days to create  0.003% of Earths supply of water only is useable as fresh water  Between 65% and 70% of worlds fresh water is wasted Accumulation of greenhouse gases will cause global temperature rise of 1.5- 4.5 Degree C over the next century 25 million people worldwide are poisoned annually by pesticides used in agriculture and farming

ISO 14001 - 2004

IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT  Human activities introduced over 100,000 chemicals and toxins into the Earths environment annually.  56% of the Worlds tropical forests have already been destroyed by human activity  Up to 50% of the worlds wet lands have been destroyed by human activity  At least 40,000 children in under developed countries die everyday from preventable diseases  At least 1.3billlion people worldwide are undernourished or underfed.  Nearly 100 of Earths species become extinct every day due to human activities

ISO 14001 - 2004

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

 Air quality pollutions from vehicle, industries etc.,  Fresh water extraction of surface and ground water places a demand on our water resources  The sea Dumping of waste at sea, over fishing, over extraction of marine aggregates, environmental impacts associated with oil and gas exploration  Soil Irreversible erosion, loss of organic matter, increase in acidity and the effect on soil quality, contamination of land and irresponsible agricultural practices  Land use  Minerals including fossil fuels  Wild life and habitats due to deforestation many species of flora and fauna extinct in the last 50 years  Waste

ISO 14001 - 2004

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS  Climate change Global warning ( Green House Gases) CO2 CH4, N2O, CFC  Ozone Layer Depletion  Deforestation  Marine, Land, Water and Air Pollution  Population Growth  Nuclear contamination either accidental or potential nuclear warfare  Acid rain acidic gases such as sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides from the burning of fossil fuels dissolving in water to form acids.

ISO 14001 - 2004

WASTE MANAGEMENT  Reduce overall consumption of resources  Consume selectively  Minimize the generation of waste  Reuse whenever appropriate  Recycle. This includes composting for biodegradable materials  Recover energy ( use of heat exchanges)  Dispose to landfill sites only as a last resort

ISO 14001 - 2004

ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
Environmental Impacts some times escalate into environmental disasters.  1976 SEVESO A Chemical plant at SEVESO in Italy accidentally released a quantity of Dioxin into the atmosphere  1978 English Channel The super tanker Amoco Cadiz split into two, spilling crude oil into the English Channel, killing Marine life and polluting miles of beaches on the French coast line  1984 Bhopal At least 2000 deaths recorded from accidental emission of methyl isocyanate gas. Another tow lakhs people affected with symption of blindness and lever failure  1986 Basle, Switzerland River Rhine polluted with pesticides due to fire accident  1989 Alaska The Oil tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground and caused marine pollution and contamination of foreshores.

ISO 14001 - 2004

EVOLUTION OF ISO 14001 ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS  1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment at Stockholm, Sweden  1989 Creation of Strategic Advisory Group on the Environment ( SAGE)  Recommended formation of ISO Technical Committee (TC) for developing standards for Environmental Management  1992 United Nations Conference on Environment Development ( UNCED)  January 1993 ISO establishes TC 207  1993 94 EMAS/BS 7750 released  1 September 1996 ISO 14001 released  November 2004 ISO 14001 Second Edition.

ISO 14001 - 2004

EVOLUTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS Earth Summit at Rio-de-Janeiro June 1992 UN Frame Work Convention on climate change ( UNFCCC) Kyoto Protocol December 1997 to set individual targets for countries to reduce yearly emission of Green House Gases ( GHG) to a minimum of 5% below their 1990 level in the first commitment period 2008 2012. ( 35 industrial countries and Members of EU ). Developing Countries ( China, India, Brazil etc.,) exempted.

ISO 14001 - 2004

UNFCCC report Dated 31.10.2006 Overall emission dropped by only 3.3% from 1990 to 2004 ( Made possible by a 36.8% reduction by Economies in Transition ( EIT) ( East Germany)

ISO 14001 - 2004

The objectives of ISO 14001 (as per TC207) Harmonization of national rules, labels and methods Minimize trade barriers and related complications Improvement in environmental performance Effective maintenance of regulatory compliance Establish a framework to move beyond compliance Assist organizations to demonstrate commitment Assist organizations to enhance public posture Support a world wide focus on environmental management Sensitize the internal culture in orgn to environmental matters Promote a voluntary consensus standards approach to environmental improvement

ISO 14001 - 2004

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Environment Surroundings in which an organisation operates, including Air, Water, Land, Natural Resources, Flora, Fauna, Humans and their interrelation Note : Surroundings in this context extend from within an organisation to the Global system Environmental Aspect Element of an organisations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment Note : A Significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspect that has or can have a significant environmental impact.

ISO 14001 - 2004

Environmental Aspects Factors for consideration  Emission to Air  Releases to Water  Releases to Land  Use of Raw materials  Use of Natural Resources  Use of Energy  Use of Energy Emitted ( Heat, Radiation, vibration)  Waste & By products  Physical attributes ( Size, Shape, Colour, Appearance)

ISO 14001 - 2004

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Environmental Impact Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisations activities, products or services Environmental Objectives Overall environmental goal, arising from the environmental policy, that an organisation sets itself to achieve, and which is quantified where practicable Environmental target Detailed performance requirement, quantified where practicable, applicable to the organisation or parts thereof, that arises from the environmental objectives and that needs to be set and met in order to achieve those objectives

ISO 14001 - 2004

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Continual Improvement Recurring process of enhancing the EMS in order to achieve improvements in overall environmental performance consistent with the organisations environmental policy Environmental Performance : Measurable results of an oraganisations management of its environmental aspects

ISO 14001 - 2004

Terms and definitions Prevention of pollution : use of processes, practices,

products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control( Separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts Note: prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination, process, product or service changes, efficient use of resources, material and energy substitution, reuse, recovery, recycling, reclamation and treatment. .

techniques, materials,

ISO 14001 - 2004

Environmental management system: ( EMS ) part of an organizations management system used to develop and implement its environmental policy and manage its environmental aspects Note 1 : A management system is a set of interrelated elements used to establish policy and objective and to achieve those objectives. Note 2 : A management system includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources. Corrective action : action to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity Preventive action : action to eliminate the cause of a potential nonconformity

STAGES OF ISO 14001 IMPLEMENTATION

Planning

Management Review

Continual Improvement Implementation And Operation

Checking and Corrective

Action

ISO 14001 - 2004

ISO 14001 : 2004 This international standard is applicable to any organization that wishes to Establish, implement, maintain and improve an environment management system, Assure itself of conformity with its stated environmental policy. Demonstrate conformity with this international standard by Making a self-determination and self declaration, or Seeking confirmation of its conformance by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers , or Seeking confirmation of its self-declaration by a party external to the organization, or Seeking certification / registration of its environmental management system by an external organization.

ISO 14001 - 2004

All the requirements in this international standard are intended to be incorporated into any environmental management system. The extent of the application depends on factors such as the environmental policy of the organization, the nature of its activities, products and services and the location where and the conditions in which it functions.

ISO 14001 - 2004

ENVIRONMETAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS General requirements The organization shall establish, document, implement, maintain and continually improve an environmental management system in accordance with the requirements of this international standard and determine how it will fulfill these requirements. The organization shall define and document the scope of its environmental manage mental system.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.2 Environmental policy Top management shall define the organizations environmental policy and ensure that, within the defined scope of its environmental management system, it Is appropriate to the nature, scale and environmental impacts of its activities, products and services, Includes a commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution, Includes a commitment to comply with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes which relate to its environmental aspects, Provides the framework for setting and reviewing environmental objectives and targets, Is documented, implemented and maintained, Is communicated to all persons working for or on behalf of the organization, and Is available to the public.

ISO 14001 - 2004

Legal / other requirements

 National / International  State / Provincial / Departmental  Local Governmental Subscribing Requirements  Agreement with public authorities  Agreement with customers  Non regulatory guidelines  Voluntary principles / codes of practice  Requirements of Trade Associations  Agreement with community groups / NGOs  Corporate / Company Requirements  Public Commitments

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.3 planning 4.3.1 Environmental aspects The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) To identify the environmental aspects of its activities, products, and services within the defined scope of the environmental management system that it can control and those that it can influence taking into account planned or new developments, or new or modified activities, products and services, and To determine those aspects that have or can have significant impact(s) on the environment ( i.e. significant environmental aspects). The organization shall document this information and keep it up to date. The organization shall ensure that the significant environmental aspects are taken into account in establishing implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.3.2 Legal and other requirements The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) To identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes related to its environmental aspects, and To determine how these requirements apply to its environmental aspects. The organization shall ensure that these applicable legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes are taken into account in establishing, implementing and maintaining its environmental management system.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.3.3 Objecives, targets and programme(s) The organization shall establish, implement and maintain documented environmental objectives and targets, at relevant functions and levels within the organization. The objectives and targets shall be measurable, where practicable, and consistent with the environmental policy, including the commitments to prevention of pollution, to compliance with applicable legal requirements and with other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and to continual improvement. When establishing and reviewing its objectives and targets, and organization shall take into account the legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes, and its significant environmental aspects. It shall also consider its technological options, its financial, operational and business requirements, and the views of interested parties.

ISO 14001 - 2004

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a programme(s) for achieving its objectives and targets. Programme(s) shall include Designation of responsibility for achieving objectives and targets at relevant functions and levels of the organization, and The means and time frame by which they are to be achieved. 4.4 Implementation and operation 4.4.1 Resources, roles, responsibility and authority Management shall ensure the availability of resources essential to establish, implement, maintain and improve the environmental management system. Resources include human resources and specialized skills, organizational infrastructure, technology and financial resources.

ISO 14001 - 2004

Roles, responsibilities and authorities shall be defined, documented and communicated in order to facilitate effective environmental management. The organizations top management shall appoint a specific management representatives) who, irrespective of other responsibilities, shall have defined roles, responsibilities and authority for Ensuring that an environmental management system is established, implemented and maintained in accordance with the requirements of this international Standard, Reporting to top management on the performance of the environmental management system for review, including recommendations for improvement.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness The organization shall ensure that any person(s) performing tasks for it or on its behalf that have the potential to cause a significant environmental impact(s) identified by the organization is (are) competent on the basis of appropriate education, training or experience, and shall retain associated records. The organization shall identify training needs associated with its environmental aspects and its environmental management system. It shall provide training or take other action to meet these needs, and shall retain associated records.

ISO 14001 - 2004

The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to make persons working for it or on its behalf aware of The importance of conformity with the environmental policy and procedures and with the requirements of the environmental management system, The significant environmental aspects and related actual or potential impacts associated with their work, and the environmental benefits of improved personal performance, Their roles and responsibilities in achieving conformity with the requirements of the environmental management system, and d )The potential consequences of departure from specified procedures.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.3 Communication With regard to its environmental aspects and environmental management system, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure's) for Internal communication among the various levels and functions of the organization, Receiving, documenting and responding to relevant communication from external interested parties. The organization shall decide whether to communicate externally about its significant environmental aspects, and shall document its decision. If the decision is to communicate, the organization shall establish and implement a method for this external communication.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.4 Documentation The environmental management system documentation shall include The environmental policy, objectives and targets, Description of the scope of the environmental management system. Description of the main elements of the environmental management system and their interaction, and reference to related documents, Documents, including records, required by this International Standard, and Documents, including records, determined by the organization to be necessary to ensure the effective planning, operation and control or process that relate to its significant environmental aspects.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.5 Control of Documents Documents required by the environmental management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled. Records are a special type of document and shall be controlled in accordance with the requirements given in 4.5.4.

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The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to Approve documents for adequacy prior to issue, b) Review and update as necessary and re-approve documents. c) Ensure that changes and the current revision status of documents are identified. d) Ensure that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at points of use, e) Ensure that documents remain legible and readily identifiable. f) Ensure that documents of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the environmental management system are identified and their distribution controlled, and g) Prevent the unintended use of obsolete documents and apply suitable identification to them if they are retained for any purpose.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.6 Operational control The organization shall identify and plan those operations that are associated with the identified significant environmental aspects consistent with its environmental policy, objectives and targets, in order to ensure that they are carried out under specified conditions, by Establishing, implementing and maintaining a documented procdure(s) to control situations where their absence could lead to deviation from the environmental policy, objectives and targets, and Stipulating the operating criteria in the procedure(s), and Establishing, implementing and maintaining procedures related to the identified significant environmental aspects of goods and services used by the organization and communicating applicable procedures and requirements to suppliers, including contractors.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to identify potential emergency situation and potential accidents that can have an impact(s) on the environmental and how it will respond to them. The organization shall respond to actual emergency situations and accidents and prevent or mitigate associated adverse environmental impacts. The organization shall periodically review and, where necessary, revise its emergency preparedness and response procedures, in particular, after the occurrence of accidents or emergency situations. The organization shall also periodically test such procedures where practicable.

ISO 14001 - 2004

EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
 Nature of on-site hazards ( Flammable, Liquids, Storage Tanks, Compressed Gases Measures to be taken)  Most appropriate method(s) for responding to an accident / Emergency  Internal / External communication plans  Actions required to minimize environmental damage(s)  Mitigation and response actions.  Post-accident evaluation Corrective preventive actions  Periodic testing of emergency response procedures.  Training of emergency response personnel  List of key personnel / aid agencies  Evacuation routes and assembly points

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.5 Checking 4.5.1 Monitoring and measurement The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) to monitor and measure, on a regular basis, the key characteristics of its operations that can have a significant environmental impact. The procedure(s) shall include the documenting of information to monitor performance, applicable operational controls and conformity with the organizations environmental objectives and targets. The organization shall ensure that calibrated or verified monitoring and measurement equipment is used and maintained and shall retain associated records.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance 4.5.2.1 Consistent with its commitment to compliance, the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for periodically evaluating compliance with applicable legal requirements. The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations. 4.5.2.2 The organization shall evaluate compliance with other requirements to which it subscribes. The organization may wish to combine this evaluation with the evaluation of legal compliance referred to in 4.5.2.1 or to establish a separate procedure(s). The organization shall keep records of the results of the periodic evaluations.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.5.3 Non conformity, corrective action and preventive action The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for dealing with actual and potential nonconformity (ies) and for taking corrective action and preventive action. The procedure(s) shall define requirements for Identifying and correcting nonconformity(ies) and taking actions(s) to mitigate their environmental impacts, Investigating nonconformity(ies) determining their cause(s) and taking actions in order to avoid their recurrence. Evaluating the need for actions(s) to prevent nonconformity(ies) and implementing appropriate actions designed to avoid their occurrence. Recording the effectiveness of corrective actions(s) and preventive action(s) taken, and Reviewing the effectiveness of corrective action(s) and preventive action(s) taken.

ISO 14001 - 2004

Actions taken shall be appropriate to the magnitude of the problems and the environmental impacts encountered. The organization shall ensure that any necessary changes are made to environmental management system documentation.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.5.4 Control of records The organization shall establish and maintain records as necessary to demonstrate conformity to the requirements of its environmental management system and of this International Standard, and the results achieved. The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure(s) for the identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records. Records shall be and remain legible, identifiable and traceable.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.5.5 Internal audit The organization shall ensure that internal audits of the environmental management system are conducted at planned intervals to Determine whether the environmental management system Conforms to planned arrangements for environmental management including the requirements of this International Standard, and Has been properly implemented and is maintained, and Provide information on the results of audits to management. Audit programme(s) shall be planned, established, implemented and maintained by the organization, taking into consideration the environmental importance of the operation(s) concerned and the results of previous audits. Audit procedure(s) shall be established, implemented and maintained that address

ISO 14001 - 2004

the responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated records, the determination of audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods. Selection of auditors and conduct of audits shall ensure objectivity and the impartiality of the audit process.

ISO 14001 - 2004

4.6 Management review Top management shall review the organizations environmental management system, at planned intervals, to ensure its continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness. Reviews shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the environmental management system, including the environmental policy and environmental objectives and targets. Records of the management reviews shall be retained.

ISO 14001 - 2004

Input to management reviews shall include Results of internal audits and evaluations of compliance with legal requirements with other requirements to which the organization subscribes. Communication(s) from external interested parties, including complaints, The environmental performance of the organization, The extent to which objective and targets have been met, Status of corrective and preventive actions, Follow-up actions from previous management reviews, Changing circumstances including developments in legal and other requirements related to its Recommendations for improvement.

ISO 14001 - 2004

The outputs from management reviews shall include any decisions and actions related to possible changes to environmental policy, objectives, targets and other elements of the environmental management system, consistent with the commitment to continual improvement.

ISO 14001 - 2004

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION AND LAWS

S.No Description 1. Forest Conservation Act 2. Wild Life Protection Act 3. Water ( Prevention and control of Pollution)Act 4. Water ( Prevention and control of Pollution) Rules 5. Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 6. Environmental Protection Act Noise Pollution control Act Hazardous waste ( Management and Handling) Rules Year 1927 & 80 1972 1974 & 78 1975 1981& 87 1986 1987 1989

ISO 14001 - 2004

BENEFITS OF ESTABLISHING AN EMS

 Assuring customers the commitment to demonstrate environmental management  Maintaining good public / community relations  Satisfying investor criteria and improving access to capital  Obtaining insurance at reasonable cost  Enhancing image and market share  Meeting vendor certification criteria, if required by customer  Improving cost control  Reducing incidents that result in liability  Conserving input materials and energy  Improving industry government relations

ECOSYSTEM
ECO SYSTEM
Interaction of BIOTIC and ABIOTIC components in various complex ways in their environment Biotic components (plants,animals,decomposers)

Abiotic components (inorganic & organic)

Physical factors (solar radiation,light,heat wind,tides,waves,air etc)

ECO SYSTEM
BIOTIC COMPONENTS Animals,Plants,Micro organisms BIOSPHERE: Where living organisms live and interact with physical environment(soil,water,air etc) ABIOTIC COMPONENTS: Non-living-physical:Air,soil,minerals etc A. Atmosphere (up to 500 kms)(78% Nitrogen,21% Oxygen,1% others) a. Troposphere(10 to 18 kms)(75% of atmospheric air, moisture) b.Stratosphere (18 to 50 kms)(Ozone) C.Mesosphere(50 to 85 kms)(more Nitrogen)

ECO SYSTEM
B.LITHOSPHERE: Soil & Rock components (home for human & wild life,store house of minerals & organic matter) C.HYDROSPHERE: Acqueous envelope of earth(oceans,lakes,streams,rivers etc)

ECOSYSTEM
PRODUCERS: Primary producers-prepare own food (plants, vegetations) CONSUMERS: A.Primary-Herbivores B.Secondary-Carnovores C.Omnivores DETRIVORES-DECOMPOSERS Microscopic organisms-bacteria

ECOSYSTEM
ENERGY SOURCES:

Non-renewable:Natural resources which can not be re-generated once exhausted(coal,petroleum,natural gas etc) Renewable: Can be re-generated and in exhaustiblesoil,water,air,wild life,natural vegetation 1.Solar energy: A.Passive B.Active (solar collectors) C.Photo voltaic (Cadmium sulphide,Gallium arsenide) 2.Wind energy 3.Biomoss energy: burning of organic matter(methane,ethanol) 4.Hydro electric energy

ECOSYSTEM
5.Tidal energy 6.Wave energy 7.Ocvean thermal energy 8.Geo thermal energy Hydrogen fuel

EMS
EMAS-Eco-Management and Audit Scheme:A voluntary initiative designed to improve companies environmental performance-established by European Regulations ISO 14001 plus Employee participation,public reporting,performance improvement,Legal compliance

EMS
ECOTEL:Eco-Hotel-Sector specific(hospitality) Certification based on five areas of environmentalism-Globe award 1.Environmental commitment 2.Solid Waste Management 3.Energy Efficiency 4.Water Conservation 5.Employee Education and Community Involvement